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There is growing interest in accelerated rTMS dosing regimens, wherein multiple sessions of rTMS are applied per day. This Phase IV study evaluated the safety, efficacy, and durability of various accelerated Deep TMS protocols used in clinical practice. Data were aggregated from 111 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) at 4 sites. Patients received one of several accelerated Deep TMS protocols (2x/day, 3x/day, 5x/day, 10x/day). Self-assessment questionnaires (PHQ-9, BDI-II) and clinician-based rating scales (HDRS-21, MADRS) were collected. On average, accelerated TMS led to an 80.2% response and 50.5% remission rate in the first month based on the most rated scale for each patient. There was no significant difference between protocols (Response: 2x/day:89.6%; 3x/day:75%; 5x/day:81%; 10x/day:67.6%). Response occurred after 10 (3x/day), 20 (5x/day), and 31 sessions (10x/day) on average– all of which occur on day 3–4 of treatment. Of patients with longer term follow up, durability was found in 86.7% (n = 30; 60 days) and 92.9% (n = 14; 180 days). The protocols were well-tolerated with no reported serious adverse events. Accelerated Deep TMS protocols are found to be safe, effective therapeutic options for MDD. They offer treatment resistant patients a treatment option with a rapid onset of action and with long durability.

Abstract In order to effectively harness varieties of mechanical waves or vibrations for the purpose of monitoring and/or powering, developments in responsive materials and conversion technologies are taking place driven by the world's current and future demands. One of the most popular novelties of the last two decades is represented by hydrogel‐ or ionogel‐based flexible iontronics which constitute a wide family of innovative smart (self‐powered) mechanoreceptors relevant for various applications such as personal health care, identity and safety monitoring, intelligent human‐machine operation interfaces, underwater listening and communication, and so on. Cellulosic gels (CGs), as a promising green substitute for fossil fuel‐derived materials, are extensively studied due to the possibility to choose between different cellulose types and to formulate networks chemically or physically, according to the adaptability requirements for each target application. The aim of this review is to showcase the cellulose structural versatility and to provide a summary of the principles during the formulation of CGs used for mechanosensing and mechanical energy scavenging, as well as their practical applications. Such an outlook of current challenges and overall prospects will serve as a stimulus for research on CG‐based mechanoreceptors in the future.

Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of the choline alkanoate ionic liquids (ILs) choline acetate [Cho][OAc], choline propanoate [Cho][Pro], choline butyrate [Cho][But], and choline hexanoate [Cho][Hex], mixed with K3PO4 solutions at pH 7.2 and 14.5, were prepared and their phase diagrams were compared. The ability to form ABS with alkaline K3PO4 solutions decreased in the order [Cho][OAc] ≈ [Cho][Pro] > [Cho][But] > [Cho][Hex], while with neutral K3PO4 solutions, [Cho][OAc] could not form an ABS, and the other three ILs performed similarly. All of the biphasic regions of the ABS decreased with the increase in pH. 1H-NMR data indicated anion exchange between phases in ABS at neutral pH. The ABS at neutral pH were evaluated to extract the triazine herbicides simazine, cyanazine, and atrazine, and the ABS formed by [Cho][Pro] and the pH 7.2 K3PO4 solution has shown extraction recoveries higher than 90%.

To explore if the catalytic activity of single-metal species in halometallate catalysts can be enhanced with mixed-metal species, aluminum and gallium were simultaneously introduced to prepare a mi...

Cellulose beads possess some adsorption capacities for heavy metal ions, but the effect of lignin remaining in the beads on the adsorption behavior is not clear yet. In this study, lignocellulosic and cellulosic hydrogel beads were prepared by ionic liquid (IL) dissolution and reconstitution in water and further functionalization through magnetization and carboxymethylation. Compared to pure cellulosic beads made from Kraft pulp and microcrystalline cellulose, the presence of lignin in the lignocellulosic beads from IL-extracted cellulose-rich material (CRM) helped support the porous structure, leading to a higher hydroxyl number and porosity, and thus higher efficacy in magnetization and carboxymethylation. CRM beads, therefore, exhibited greater Cu2+ and Pb2+ uptake than the cellulosic beads both before and after modification. However, excessive lignin in the beads prepared directly from poplar wood powder caused negative effects on the adsorption capacity due to agglomeration and occlusion of the adsorptive sites.

Highly charged metal ions are difficult to investigate in weakly coordinating ionic liquids (ILs) because of the insolubility of their solid forms, but the molecular liquid TiCl4 offers a way to react tetravalent metal ions in an IL. Reactions of TiCl4 with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C4mim]+)-based ILs containing chloride or bromide lead to mixtures of highly metastable amorphous solids and small amounts of crystalline chlorotitanate salts including [C4mim]2[TiCl6] and two polymorphs of [C4mim]2[Ti2Cl10] in a manner not well correlated with stoichiometry or anion identity. The reaction of TiCl4 with [C4mim][BF4] yields crystals of the mixed fluoro-chloro complex [C4mim]2[Ti4F6Cl12], indicating spontaneous reaction of the IL ions to generate HF in situ. These unusual behaviors are explained in terms of the exceptionally high acidity of Ti4+ and the unusual behavior of TiCl4 among metal halides as a nonpolar molecular compound.

The definition of CAGE (choline and geranate) presented by Banerjee et al. (1) in PNAS as both an ionic liquid (IL) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) is contradictory, goes against their previous classification of CAGE, and prevents the work from being discussed or understood in context with the appropriate literature. ILs are defined as salts which melt below 100 °C (2), while DESs are eutectic mixtures of two or more distinct components which typically interact via strong hydrogen bonding (3 … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: rdrogers{at}ua.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

This chapter reviews the roles of ionic liquids (ILs) in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, including the use of ILs as solvents in the synthesis of drugs or isolation of drug intermediates, the use of ILs in pharmaceutical crystallization, in pharmaceutical separation, for the extraction of drugs from natural products, to deliver drugs, to detect drugs, and even as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). ILs have also been considered as alternatives to organic solvents in the pharmaceutical industry. A large volume of volatile organic solvents (VOCs) is used in the process of drug extraction from natural products, resulting in serious environmental problems and replacement of conventional solvents by ILs might prevent the emission of VOCs. While ILs have been shown to be efficient vehicles in transdermal drug delivery, until recently they were not studied as transdermal drugs themselves because ionized salts normally diffuse poorly through lipid membranes.

Abstract Novel aqueous multiphase systems (MuPSs) formed by quaternary mixtures composed of cholinium‐based ionic liquids (ILs), polymers, inorganic salts, and water are reported herein. The influence of several ILs, polymers, and salts was studied, demonstrating that a triple salting‐out is a required phenomenon to prepare MuPSs. The respective phase diagrams and “tie‐surfaces” were determined, followed by the evaluation of the effect of temperature. Finally, the remarkable ability of IL‐based MuPSs to selectively separate mixtures of textile dyes is shown.