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Sparse grid geometries may serve for protection of floating solar energy systems, other sensitive geometries located in coastal areas, breakwaters of harbors, and damp by dissipation strong water waves. Wave reduction and amount of energy dissipation by grid geometries are investigated by modeling and laboratory experiments. The wave transmission at the laboratory scale is found to depend on the Keulegan–Carpenter number, $$KC=2 \pi a/D$$ , Stokes number, $$\beta =f D^2/\nu $$ , Reynolds number $$Re=2\pi a f/\nu $$ , and the wave steepness parameter ka (a amplitude, D rod diameter, f wave frequency, $$\nu $$ kinematic viscosity, k wavenumber). Laboratory experiments with KC up to 13, Stokes number up to 230, and Reynolds number up to 3000, show that the wave transmission coefficient reduces when the amplitude is increased. The theoretical modeling, based on a quadratic drag law on the grid members and a drag coefficient of unity, is found to compare favorably to the measured dissipation and the transmission coefficient. Model calculations beyond the experimental range suggest that a sparse grid geometry may almost totally dissipate the incoming wave energy. Tests with a second geometry of very thin members of very small rod diameter have KC up to 80, Stokes number up to 6, and Reynolds number up to 500, exhibit a wave transmission coefficient that is insensitive to the amplitude, however. The energy loss is quadratic in the amplitude in this case. A linear drag law is valid in this parameter range.

Biological aging varies between individuals and may be influenced by health behaviors. Using data from 45,438 UK Biobank participants, we found that a higher proteomic aging score (ProtAgeGap) was linked to lower physical activity and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The UK Biobank cohort included both men and women. In a 12-week supervised exercise study (MyoGlu) in 26 men, ProtAgeGap decreased by the equivalent of 10 months. While most of the 204 proteins in the score remained stable, some, like CLEC14A, changed with exercise and were linked to improved insulin sensitivity. Transcriptomic data from muscle and fat tissue supported these protein-level changes, highlighting pathways, such as PI3K-Akt and MAPk signaling, involved in tissue remodeling and metabolism. Our findings suggest that while proteomic aging is mostly stable, it can be modestly reversed by exercise. Specific proteins within the signature may act as sensitive indicators of metabolic adaptation, supporting the idea that proteomic aging is a modifiable marker linked to lifestyle and disease risk. Clinical trial number: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01803568 registered 2013-02-26.

Abstract Thanks to the work of several generations of scholars, there has never been a greater interest in early medieval medicine. Yet the field, which continues to be largely manuscript-based given the sheer number of unedited texts, remains tethered to two now-outdated manuscript catalogues that collectively record 225 Latin manuscripts containing medical writings produced before ca. 1100. The Corpus of Early Medieval Latin Medicine ( CEMLM ) has recently completed a handlist of early medieval manuscripts with medical texts that do not feature in the earlier catalogues, more than doubling the total number of witnesses up to the year 1000. These findings have far-reaching implications, and this article offers a series of case studies that illustrate how the handlist, in concert with a reassessment of definitions and categorizations in the field, is transforming our understanding of early medieval medicine.

Background: Resignations among general practitioners (GPs) have been cited as a contributing factor to challenges in Norway's GP scheme. Aim: To analyse trends in GP exit rates and examine whether there is evidence of systematic changes in these rates over time. Design and setting: Registry-based observational study of all GPs in Norway since the scheme's implementation in 2001. Method: Exit rates were calculated for the entire study period and by year. Significant deviations were identified using 95% confidence intervals with Bonferroni corrections for multiple hypothesis testing. Results: GP exit rates declined until age 50 years and remained low until retirement at 67. This pattern was stable throughout the study period (2002-2022). Only two significant deviations occurred: higher-than-expected rates for 67-year-olds in 2007 and 41-year-olds in 2010. Conclusions: GP exit rates remained stable over the study period, with no evidence suggesting increased exits as a major factor in the current challenges facing Norway's GP scheme.

definies sobre EC, identificaram um movimento de consolidao conceitual, com nfase crescente nas abordagens tericas em detrimento das aplicaes prticas.A efetiva transio para a EC exige a atuao integrada de diversos atores, incluindo empresas, formuladores de polticas, consumidores e pesquisadores.No nvel organizacional, a adoo da EC implica reestruturaes profundas nos modelos de negcios