AIB College of Business

ABSTRACT This paper examines the history of entrepreneurship education (EE) in the United Kingdom (UK), exploring different forms and types as they have emerged over time. The study uses a wide range of sources, including both secondary (e.g. published papers, historical records of specific programmes, and enterprise policy documents) and primary accounts that document the lived experience of educators. It constructs these sources into a chronology, identifies different types of practice and constructs these into four primary forms. From this work, the paper presents an enhanced understanding of entrepreneurship education. It synthesizes influential types, illustrating how and why practice has evolved, and concludes by arguing for a more sustainable pathway via a new approach of ‘Harmonious Entrepreneurship Education.’

Rapid advancements in high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technologies and experimental protocols have led to the generation of vast amounts of transcriptomic data that populates several online databases and repositories. Here, we systematically examined large-scale scRNA-seq databases, categorizing them based on their scope and purpose such as general, tissue-specific databases, disease-specific databases, cancer-focused databases, and cell type-focused databases. Next, we discuss the technical and methodological challenges associated with curating large-scale scRNA-seq databases, along with current computational solutions. We argue that understanding scRNA-seq databases, including their limitations and assumptions, is crucial for effectively utilizing this data to make robust discoveries and identify novel biological insights. Such platforms can help bridge the gap between computational and wet lab scientists through user-friendly web-based interfaces needed for democratizing access to single-cell data. These platforms would facilitate interdisciplinary research, enabling researchers from various disciplines to collaborate effectively. This review underscores the importance of leveraging computational approaches to unravel the complexities of single-cell data and offers a promising direction for future research in the field.

Summary: China is making significant strides in becoming a key innovator in the field of aged care and management of health services. The country’s rich cultural heritage and rapidly changing landscape for aged care, along with its research prowess, makes it well poised to test various models of care, strengthen data collection/monitoring, and develop culturally sensitive solutions tailored to the needs of its older adult communities. This research topic/issue arises from the growth in research contributions on aged care at Frontiers in Public Health, and necessity to offer a dedicated space to portray aged care issues and challenges in China. This issue showcases 25 research articles that span across China's vast scientific landscape, highlighting the diverse and expansive research activities within the field. The issue is already beginning to make a massive impact receiving nearly 30,000 views with articles being downloaded over 7000 times, at the time of writing this editorial. The work presented in this issue coalesces around five central themes: (i) informal care playing a vital role in aged care (ii) an undeniable preference for home and community care services (iii) smart technologies enhancing care provision and reducing health inequalities (iv) importance of providing educational/training programs and awareness campaigns on disease conditions and services and (v) success of models such as intergenerational care, mutual support groups and volunteering. Specialist outreach models for aged care and interdisciplinary approaches have also emerged as vital in providing services aligned with the needs and demands of older adults. Keywords: older adults; aged care; Asia-Pacific; health workforce; models of care; health systems

Utilizing firms in the S&P 500, we study whether greater transparency in the reporting of other comprehensive income (OCI) items, as mandated by ASU 2011-05, resulted in a reduction in information asymmetry, a change in the value relevance of this information, or a change in hedging practice. Our results show that while transparent reporting reduced information asymmetry, firms that engage in cash flow hedging do have greater information asymmetry than their counterparts that do not hedge. We find evidence that investors penalize firm value for greater volatility of OCI relative to net income volatility when reported transparently. When permitted, managers were able to mitigate the negative impact by reporting OCI only in the Statement of Shareholders’ Equity. We conclude that managers’ concerns regarding potential confusion surrounding OCI volatility following more prominent reporting led to changes in hedging behavior. After transparent reporting, we find a reduced likelihood of foreign currency cash flow (FXCF) hedges and a reduced level of FXCF hedging among firms experiencing the greatest volatility of unrealized hedging gains and losses.

Since the mid-1990s, the main airports in Latin America have been privatised. This is the result, on the one hand, of the liberalisation of the aviation industry in almost all the countries of the region, and on the other hand, of the application of an extensive and uninterrupted programme of air public policies, currently underway. Based on this, this paper first analyse how public policies have influenced the development of airports in Latin America, generating the privatisation of the most important in the region (in a context of structural reform still in progress). Second, it studies how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the technical efficiency of the privatised airports in the region. Therefore, in this paper, the measurement of technical efficiency is carried out (using only technical variables, that is, infrastructure and aeronautical or air traffic variables) on a representative set of Latin American privatised airports, both in the pre-pandemic period (2017–19) and in the severest pandemic period (2020). The methodology used to carry out the study is data envelopment analysis (DEA). The main results of the research reveal high, and in some cases ideal, technical efficiency indices in the pre-pandemic period, and not very severe drops in technical efficiency in the pandemic period.

Abstract This study attempts to understand the impact of electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) on corporate financial performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. A supervised machine learning is used to determine the investors’ sentiment of a news story (eWOM) towards a given company from a long position (buying) investors perspective. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and dynamic quantile regression are used to test the role of eWOM on financial performance. Results reveal no significant relationship between eWOM and the firm’s financial performance. Similarly, we do not find any evidence of an association between eWOM and corporate performance at different quantiles of financial performance. The findings contribute to the existing literature on eWOM and its impact on the financial performance during specific circumstances or financial crises. This study offers insights to researchers, policymakers, regulators, financial report users, investors, employees, clients, and society.

Tanzania is Africa's second largest honey producer, trailing only Ethiopia. It helps to increase both foreign earnings and employment in the country. Despite the positive effects of honey on society, there is still a lack of focus on the factors influencing the market price of honey. The current study intends to look into related factors affecting the price determination of honey in Mvomero district. Specifically, the study aims to assess how the cost, quality and demand of honey affect the market price of honey. The study adopted a cross sectional research design whereby data were collected once from 100 respondents who are honey value chain actors (harvesters, traders and processors) in Mvomero district. Quantitative data retrieved from the questionnaires were analyzed by using SPSS version 20 in which descriptive and binary logistic regression were determined. Results showed that factors such as cost and demand were statistically significant associated with market price of honey in the study area. Furthermore, the quality positively influenced the honey price but not statistically significant in the study area. The study concluded that some explanatory variables include; demand and cost of honey significantly influence the market price of honey along the value chain (p < 0.05). But the quality of honey was not statistically different (p>0.05). The study recommends that majority of beekeepers are capable, but due to a lack of funding and equipment, they are forced to use outdated technology for producing, harvesting, and marketing their products. It is important to encourage both governmental and non-governmental institutions to support the actors.

We examine how online searches lead to judgment formation in two contexts where statements are negated differently. In one context, a statement (of the form “if P then Q”) is negated using “not” (as in “if P then not Q”), while in the other context, it is negated using a different term or phrase (as in “if P then R”). We show that online searches to find information about the validity of this statement generate different results in these contexts. Our findings contribute to extant work on online searches by suggesting that when individuals test the validity of a statement using search engines, their searches lead to categorically different results contingent on the search context. From a practical standpoint, we make recommendations to search engine developers and content providers so online searches generate more inclusive results.

This paper observes the dynamic impact of market risks on the profitability of banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) from 2010 to 2018 in Jordan. To identify the link, the relevant data were retrieved from the annual statements of Jordanian banks and one-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach was employed to diagnose the error regarding endogeneity. The results of the applied methodology showed that market risks impacted the profitability of Jordanian banks. Furthermore, the study also presented factors that affected the banks’ profitability, such as capitalization and bank size. The previous year profitability has a positive effect on the next year profitability. Moreover, stock market returns (SMRs) directly affect ROA and ROE because when SMRs enhances, bank profitability will increase. Bank managers should ponder the volatility of the market risk while enhancing the profitability of a bank. This relationship of the variables regarding Jordanian banks listed on the ASE was not considered before in the financial economics literature. Recommendations were also provided for Jordanian bank managers to mitigate market risks.