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Personalized nutrition (PN) aims to provide tailored dietary recommendations to improve a person's health outcomes by integrating a multitude of individual-level information and supporting desired behavior changes. The field is rapidly evolving with technological advances. As new biomarkers are discovered, wearables and other devices can now provide up-to-the-minute insights, and artificial intelligence and machine learning models support recommendations and lifestyle behavior change. Advancements in the field enhance the potential for tailored and effective programs but raise important questions regarding user safety, security, health, transparency, and privacy. The Personalized Nutrition Initiative at the University of Illinois held the workshop, "Challenges for Personalized Nutrition in the Current United States Regulatory Framework and Future Opportunities," to address regulatory implications of current PN programs, future innovation within the current framework, and existing complexities of oversight. A majority of PN programs combine multiple components, and these components may need to be regulated differently. The areas of food, supplements, in vitro diagnostics, and medical and wellness devices were described and discussed as they apply to PN programs. The speakers and discussants concluded that regulatory guidance for PN programs should focus on ensuring 1) safety and accuracy of the tests and devices, 2) credentialed and skilled experts develop the advice, 3) responsible and clear communication of information and benefits, 4) substantiation of scientific claims, and 5) procedures are implemented to protect user privacy. Furthermore, as this field incorporates new devices, biomarkers, behavior-based tools, and the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, the need to adapt the existing regulatory framework was also considered. Working closely with regulatory bodies is required and should be an opportunity to provide users with transparency, build trust, and create a source of differentiation for PN innovators.

Abstract A genetic variant ofPKD1in cats, which causes polycystic kidney disease (PKD), is a target for direct-to-consumer genetic testing to assess PKD risk; however, its effect on genetic structure in cat populations remains unexplored. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the changes in feline PKD and thePKD1variant across breeds and over time using a large dataset of 110,325 insured and 61,968 genetic-tested cats from 14 breeds. Results revealed that thePKD1variant frequency significantly decreased, with a reduction of 42.6% before 2019 and after 2022. Systematic genomic analysis revealed no differences in genetic structure or inbreeding levels. The effective population size of cats with thePKD1variant decreased between points. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of direct-to-consumer genetic testing in promoting more optimized breeding practices and enhancing feline welfare.

The importance of customer satisfaction in business prosperity is undeniable, so many organizations consider customer satisfaction as the main driver of their business growth and try to keep their customers satisfied. The business market has never been so competitive in most areas. This is the reason why things like customer experience and customer loyalty are more and more important and are considered an indicator to measure the success of the business. Based on this, in this research, we will examine the level of satisfaction of insurance policyholders with supplementary health insurance services in Iran using the SERVQUAL model. This model is one of the most common models used in the field of quality assessment in the service sector. The method of conducting this research is a descriptive survey. The sampling method in the current research is simply random the statistical population is insurance policyholders and the sample number is 686 people from the society. The findings of the current research showed that there is a negative and significant gap in all dimensions of service quality.

The next‐generation global climate model from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, GISS‐E3, contains many improvements to resolution and physics that allow for improved representation of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the model. This study examines the properties of TCs in two different versions of E3 at different points in its development cycle, run for 20 years at 0.5° resolution, and compares these TCs with observations, the previous generation GISS model, E2, and other climate models. E3 shares many TC biases common to global climate models, such as having too few tropical cyclones, but is much improved from E2. E3 produces strong enough TCs that observation‐based wind speed thresholds can now be used to detect and track them, and some storms now reach hurricane intensity; neither of these was true of E2. Model development between the first and second versions of E3 further increased the number and intensity of TCs and reduced TC count biases globally and in most regions. One‐year sensitivity tests to changes in various microphysical and dynamical tuning parameters are also examined. Increasing the entrainment rate for the more strongly entraining plume in the convection scheme increases the number of TCs (though also affecting other climate variables, and in some cases increasing biases). Variations in divergence damping did not have a strong effect on simulated TC properties, contrary to expectations based on previous studies. Overall, the improvements in E3 make it more credible for studies of TC activity and its relationship to climate.

Abstract Climate change is expected to have increasingly significant impacts on U.S. hurricane activity through this century (Hayhoe et al., Our changing climate. In: Reidmiller DR, Avery CW, Easterling DR, Kunkel KE, Lewis KLM, Maycock TK, Stewart BC (eds) Impacts, risks, and adaptation in the United States: fourth national climate assessment, volume II. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, pp 72:144. https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH, 2018). A key concern for private insurers is how the relative contributions to loss from wind and water may change because damage from flood is not typically covered in the residential market. This study addresses the concern by considering how climate change by 2050 under an extreme climate scenario may impact hurricane frequency and damage. Using a stochastic catalog of 100,000 years of possible events that can occur in today’s climate, and available information on how hurricane frequency and intensity may change, multiple catalogs of events are created to reflect future hurricane activity. Climate change impacts on precipitation rate are not accounted for here, although sea level rise is included to understand how much worse storm surge may become. Relative changes to wind loss and coastal flood loss are examined for three economically significant and hurricane prone urban locations: Houston-Galveston, Miami, and New York. Results show that relative changes in wind loss may pale in comparison to relative changes in storm surge loss. Houston shows large increases in relative contribution of surge to total loss because the contribution is currently small, New York shows the least significant increases because contributions are currently large, and Miami is in the middle.

Abstract Hurricane-induced coastal floods pose a significant threat to near-shore communities for the United States and many other coastal areas around the world. Various mitigation measures have be...

Abstract We developed 3‐D isotropic crustal seismic velocity models of central Idaho and eastern Oregon from the IDOR (western IDaho and eastern ORegon) Passive seismic data. Ambient noise tomography yielded crustal velocity structure from vertical component Rayleigh wave group and phase velocity measurements. Results include a strong shear wave velocity contrast—faster in accreted Blue Mountains terranes west of the western Idaho shear zone (WISZ), slower in the Idaho batholith, emplaced within the Archean Grouse Creek block east of the WISZ—restricted to the upper‐to‐middle crust. In deeper crust not affected by mafic underplating during Columbia River Flood Basalt magmatism, the shear wave velocity of the Mesozoic Olds Ferry continental arc terrane is indistinguishable from that of the Archean Grouse Creek block basement. Crustal columns of the Olds Ferry terrane and the Permian‐Jurassic Wallowa intraoceanic arc terrane are characterized by low seismic velocities, consistent with felsic lithologies down to ∼20 km. West of the WISZ, the Bourne and Greenhorn subterranes of the Baker terrane, an accretionary complex between the arc terranes, have distinct shallow crustal seismic velocities. The Greenhorn subterrane to midcrustal depths is in an overthrust geometry relative to the Bourne subterrane. Lack of mafic lower crust in our results of the Wallowa or Olds Ferry arcs may be due to imbrication of upper crustal felsic plutonic complexes of these arcs. Shortening and thickening of the Blue Mountains arc terranes crust to >30 km, and subduction or delamination of their mafic lower crustal sections is a viable mechanism for growth of a felsic continental crust.

Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) are the major storm surge-producing events along the Northwest European coastline. To evaluate the storm surge risk covering the return period up to 10,000 years in this region, a stochastic catalog is developed by perturbing European historical ETCs. Numerical simulation of the storm surge generated by the full 10,000-year stochastic catalog, however, is computationally expensive. Also, not all the stochastic ETC events are surge-producing storms. Here, we propose an efficient statistical approach to filter the stochastic catalog by estimating the storm surge elevation at tide gauges and then selecting only the non negligible surge-producing events. The proposed approach reduces the number of stochastic storms that need to be numerically simulated by 78%, thereby saving computational resources for high-resolution numerical simulations of surge producing storms.

Abstract Wind and wave-breaking directions are investigated as potential sources of an asymmetry identified in off-nadir remotely sensed measurements of ocean surface brightness temperatures obtained by the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) in high-wind conditions, including in tropical cyclones. Surface wind speed, which dynamically couples the atmosphere and ocean, can be inferred from SFMR ocean surface brightness temperature measurements using a radiative transfer model and an inversion algorithm. The accuracy of the ocean surface brightness temperature to wind speed calibration relies on accurate knowledge of the surface variables that are influencing the ocean surface brightness temperature. Previous studies have identified wind direction signals in horizontally polarized radiometer measurements in low to moderate (0–20 m s−1) wind conditions over a wide range of incidence angles. This study finds that the azimuthal asymmetry in the off-nadir SFMR brightness temperature measurements is also likely a function of wind direction and extends the results of these previous studies to high-wind conditions. The off-nadir measurements from the SFMR provide critical data for improving the understanding of the relationships between brightness temperature, surface wave–breaking direction, and surface wind vectors at various incidence angles, which is extremely useful for the development of geophysical model functions for instruments like the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD).