API Engineering (United States)

Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ein intelligentes Assistenzsystem, das manuelle Montageprozesse beobachten und Auffälligkeiten im Ablauf identifizieren kann. Die mit der Montage verbundenen Handgriffe werden als eine Abfolge von Gesten erfasst. Aus den Zeitabständen zwischen den Handgriffen lassen sich statistische Aussagen gewinnen. So kann beispielsweise eine große Streuung auf Qualitäts- oder Konzeptprobleme hinweisen. Den Kern des Assistenzsystems bildet die Kinect von Microsoft. Die Autoren stellen das Konzept und erste Ergebnisse des Verfahrens vor.

Abstract The Patos-Marinza Heavy Oil Field, located in southern Albania, was discovered in 1928. The reservoir, with oil specific gravity ranging from 0.86 to 1.05 (3 to 33 °API), contains one of the largest onshore oil resources in continental Europe. Primary production commenced in the 1930s and reached a peak rate of over 3,300 m3/d in the late 1950s. By June 2004, over 2,400 wells had been drilled, at an average spacing of about 3.6 hectares, and cumulative oil production amounted to about 19 million m3. However, the expected ultimate oil recovery by primary recovery was only about 6% of the original-oil-in-place (‘OOIP’). In 1999, foamy oil production was successfully tested in the laboratory for field application at Patos-Marinza. Subsequently, progressive cavity pumps (‘PCP’s) were installed in 12 wells in the northern region of the field completed in the main Driza sands, as a pilot test of Cold Heavy Oil Production (‘CHOP’) technology to improve recovery. In July 2004, an intensive campaign of well reactivations using CHOP technology was initiated under new operatorship. The performance of the pilot test indicated that foamy oil behavior had been clearly initiated at 5 of the initial test wells as a result of the increased drawdown applied to the reservoir. Oil production rates were increased significantly, by an order of magnitude, between 10 m3/d and 20 m3/d. In addition, sand cuts of between 5% and 20% and foam cuts were reported. The performance of the wells put on CHOP production since change of operatorship in July 2004, have yielded good results. As of July 2005, the current operator has taken over 76 wells and continues to progressively apply CHOP technology to the field. This paper focuses on the wells that have exhibited clearly defined CHOP performance characteristics and reports the initial results in terms of well production rate responses.

SHRにおける蛋白質分解酵素処理RJの血圧降下作用機序を検討した.1) SHRに対し,ProRJ(2g/kg)を経口投与したところ,投与6時間後の腹部大動脈及び肺において,顕著なACE活性の低下がみられた.2) ACE活性の低下がみられた腹部大動脈及び肺において,ACE阻害ペプチドであるIY,VY及びIVYが検出された.また,血漿中にもACE阻害ペプチドが検出された.3) ProRJ投与により,投与後1時間から血漿中のアルドステロン量の顕著な減少がみられた.ProRJを投与したSHRの特定臓器において,ACE活性の低下がみられ,また消化管よりACE阻害ペプチドが検出されたことは,ProRJ中に含まれるこれらのペプチドは,分解されずに吸収され,標的臓器に移行し,ACE活性を低下させるという機構が推測された.その結果,ProRJはRAS-アルドステロン系に影響を及ぼし,血圧降下が起こることが考えられた.