Aarhus Business College

Precision parameter extraction for Multi-Junction Solar Cells (MJSCs) is paramount for reliable simulation and performance optimisation, but is critically hindered by the models’ severe non-linearity and multi-modality. This research suggests implementing the Bonobo Optimiser Algorithm (BOA) to overcome this challenge. The core novelty lies in BOA's first application of high-precision parameter estimation for MJSCs, based on the Single Diode Model (SDM), Double Diode Model (DDM), and Triple Diode Model (TDM). Additionally, statistical validation using ANOVA and the Friedman test confirms the effectiveness of the BOA for parameter estimation of the Thin triple-junction CTJ30 and multi-junction solar cell, as well as the MJSC, under various operating temperature conditions (41.5 °C, 51.3 °C, and 61.6 °C). Minimisation of RMSE is an objective function to optimise parameters. Statistical analysis of 30-run simulations confirms BOA’s superior consistency and minimal variance. Critical findings show that for the CTJ30 cell, BOA attained a consistent best RMSE of 2.513060E-03, 2.510171E-03 and 2.510387E-03 across SDM, DDM, and TDM, respectively. For MJSC datasets at 41.5 °C, BOA achieved the best RMSE values of 4.361990E-05 for the SDM, 2.768602E-05 for the DDM, and 2.827875E-05 for the TDM. At 51.3 °C, the best RMSE values were 5.434700E-05 for the SDM, 2.641600E-05 for the DDM, and 2.347326E-05 for the TDM. At 61.6 °C, the best RMSE values of 1.657126E-05, 2.693035E-05 and 1.556626E-05 for the SDM, DDM, and TDM, respectively, demonstrate exceptional precision. Empirical investigations and comparisons with the most recent state-of-the-art algorithms and conventional algorithms are used for validation and justification. Statistical ANOVA and the Friedman test validation and comparison investigations demonstrate the suggested BOA precision and consistency, which may replicate experimental datasets with minimal statistical lapses and reduced variance. A comprehensive statistical analysis of the CTJ30 and MJSCs PV datasets demonstrates that the proposed BOA is reliable in assisting quality control in high-efficiency photovoltaic systems.

Abstract The potential inadequacy or failure of current climate change adaptation and mitigation initiatives has prompted debates on solar radiation modification (SRM) technologies, which, despite their potential to lower global temperatures, raises numerous ethical, political, social and governance concerns. Bangladesh, a South Asian country, is especially relevant to the SRM discourse owing to its extreme vulnerability to climate change. This study used a multi-method qualitative research design to compare the opinions of experts and different stakeholders within Bangladesh, including farmers, regarding their perceptions of SRM, geopolitical, and governance issues. The study conducted 17 in-depth interviews with climate experts along with a series of 6 focus group discussions with stakeholders in six different climatic hotspots in Bangladesh. The majority of our experts expressed concern regarding the uncertainties associated with SRM and emphasized the need for more research on its effectiveness. According to both the focus groups and interviews, SRM interventions are also of interest to boost crop productivity. Focus groups findings suggested that farmers in drought-prone and urban areas are enthusiastic about SRM technologies, mainly due to climate risks of higher temperatures and extended dry periods they already experienced. However, fifteen of our experts and most focus group participants preferred nature-based approaches and adaptations over SRM. Experts, especially those working at NGOs and public institutions, still expressed support for SRM research, whereas policymakers were more likely to prioritize adaptation and mitigation. Experts stated that developing countries like Bangladesh lack financial as well as negotiating power, making reliance on developed nations and global consensus on the ramifications of SRM essential. Climate experts and policymakers broadly argued that the national government should lead on governance of SRM, with private organizations, researchers, and academia acting in a supporting role.

Purpose This study examines the leadership journey of Carlos Ghosn to explore how managerial discretion operates in culturally restrictive environments. This study aims to understand how high-discretion leadership strategies can navigate institutional and cultural constraints, with a focus on Japan’s corporate context during Ghosn‘s tenure at Nissan. Design/methodology/approach The research employs a qualitative approach, drawing on an in-depth and lengthy interview with Carlos Ghosn. The paper is structured in a way where each thematic section is accompanied by a commentary offering theoretical insights and contextual analysis grounded in the literature on managerial discretion, cross cultural management and relevant theoretical discussions on CEOs. At the end, this paper presents a framework that shows managerial discretion in hybrid situations and discusses what this means. Findings Key findings highlight the tensions between high-discretion leadership, organizational politics and cultural expectations, offering insights into the complexities of hybrid discretion contexts. Originality/value This paper contributes to leadership and cross-cultural management literature by providing a nuanced understanding of managerial discretion in multinational settings. It offers practical insights for global business leaders navigating cultural and institutional challenges, particularly in hybrid discretion environments.

Policies and legislation regarding paternity leave influence parental roles and the division of household and childcare responsibilities. However, the impact of paternity leave, particularly how it is shared between parents, on fathers' long-term involvement in childcare remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to examine how fathers' absolute and relative paternity leave durations predict their long-term involvement in childcare. A sample of 985 first-time fathers was assessed using online surveys when their children were 10 months, 19 months, and 4 years old. Two key predictors were analyzed: absolute leave duration (total weeks) and the relative distribution of leave between fathers and mothers. Multiple regression analyses controlled for relevant confounders. Fathers' absolute and relative leave durations were modestly associated with higher involvement in childcare at 10 months (non-linear effects). Relative leave was positively associated with involvement at 19 months (linear effect). No significant associations were observed at 4 years. Fathers who shared leave more equally with their partner were also more equally engaged in subsequent childcare early (10 months) and persisting into toddlerhood (19 months), with a larger association observed at 10 months among fathers with shorter leave duration. These findings support theoretical frameworks of "father transformation" and "couples' bargaining" and underscore the potential of non-transferable paternity leave policies to promote more equitable caregiving roles.

Purpose Using a dynamic contingency theory perspective as the theoretical lens, the purpose of the study is to understand how sales and operations planning (S&OP) can be adapted to maintain a fit with internal and external context, thereby contributing to resilience and overall company performance. Design/methodology/approach The research is conducted as a single-case study of a leading manufacturing company in Denmark. Rich data spanning several years were gathered, enabling examination of process data to reveal causal relationships and temporal dynamics. Findings The main finding is that adaptive S&OP design is central to performance and resilience in dynamic business environments. Findings further indicate that an expansion of S&OP scope triggers a sequence of interdependent changes and that scope decisions need to be governed considering S&OP maturity and technological advancements, where advanced planning systems are seen to both enable and constrain scope expansions. The inclusion of new products in S&OP has been found to call for flexibility in several design parameters. Leadership plays a pivotal role in adapting the S&OP process to sustain planning performance. Originality/value The research provides new insights into how firms can dynamically adjust S&OP to maintain contextual fit, performance and resilience in operations. It promotes S&OP as an adaptive process and outlines a process framework building on standard S&OP. The study highlights S&OP scope as a critical design parameter, which has been previously overlooked or considered contextual.

Precisely estimating unidentified variables in photovoltaic (PV) cells/panels models is imperative to accurately evaluate solar cells/panels conversion performance to assist the sustainability, technology, and business aspects of societal benefits. With this motivation, in this paper, the Mountain Gazelle Optimiser (MGO) metaheuristic algorithm is proposed for the first time to discern the parameters of the various four standard benchmark photovoltaic cell/panel data sets, namely PV cell: amorphous silicon and monocrystalline silicon and PV panels: Sharp ND-R250A5, and PVM 752 GaAs. Evaluated performance analysis with root mean squared error (RMSE) using the prominently considered photovoltaic cell/panel models associated with the SDM (single diode model), DDM (Double Diode Model) and TDM (Triple Diode Model). This paper examines the subsequent performance effectiveness of the Mountain Gazelle Optimiser (MGO) for the Photovoltaic (PV) system application to identify five parameters (SDM), seven parameters (DDM), and nine parameters (TDM) in comparison with standard deterministic methods and other considered metaheuristic optimisation algorithms. According to the evaluation of the MGO performance in two solar cells/panels, extraction of SDM and DDM model parameters, MGO achieves excellent optimal parameters with minimal root mean square error (RMSE) of the amorphous silicon PV cell (SDM: 4.612322E−05, DDM: 4.094400E−05and TDM: 4.094395E−05), monocrystalline silicon cell (SDM: 5.630971E−0, DDM: 3.796747E−04, and TDM: 3.069266E−04), Sharp ND-R250A5 panel (SDM: 1.124464E−02, DDM: 1.1244639E−02, and TDM: 1.124468E−02) and panel PVM 752 GaAs (SDM: 2.278462E−04, DDM: 1.657951E−04, and TDM: 1.662235E−04) compared to other optimisation algorithms considered in the literature showing improvement in RMSE and competing performance. Furthermore, the Population sizes and iterations based on ablation sensitivity analysis, along with the statistical test-based validation and different fitness function experimental results, proved the superiority of the proposed work over the other existing works in the literature. The research is novel and informative, with the experimental results and statistical analysis providing insight into the technology and business development aspects of PV systems.

People with dementia have an increased risk for infection-related complications, which may be mitigated by common vaccinations. The aim was to investigate the association between influenza vaccination and the rates of all-cause and influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths among older adults with dementia. We followed all Danish residents with dementia aged 65 and above from September 1, 2002, to August 31, 2018. Dementia was defined from records in the Danish nationalregistries (positive predictive value 85.8%). People with dementia were identified on September 1 of each year. On this date, vaccination status was also reset, and the status of covariates was assessed. We used proportional hazard Cox regression to compare rates of all-cause hospitalization, hospitalization with a respiratory infection, hospitalization with influenza or pneumonia, and all-cause mortality for vaccinated and unvaccinated. Across the entire study period, we included 134,002 people with dementia. Rates of hospitalization were 9%-10% lower, and the mortality rate 9% lower, for vaccinated compared to unvaccinated among people with dementia. Influenza vaccination was associated with lower rates of hospitalization and mortality among people with dementia. Further exploration of the preventive potential of influenza vaccination among people with dementia is important for shaping interventions in this vulnerable group.

ABSTRACTThis study explores how the use of a standard‐based Innovation Management System approach influences the legitimacy for innovation management—a management discipline often subject to innovation fads and fashions. Utilizing neo institutional theory as a lens, we explore how this approach increased legitimacy for innovation management in case studies of two large organizations, and how this in turn affected innovation activities. Theoretically, we contribute by adding construct clarity to the concept of legitimacy, in relation to management systems, and by increasing understanding of the role of legitimacy in innovation activities. Managerial implications include the potential use of an Innovation Management Systems Standard to create a common language for innovation, to systematize innovation efforts and improve the perceived seriosity of innovation management, which in turn enables more robust and continuous innovation efforts in organizations.