Abbès Laghrour University of Khenchela

This study aims to investigate the critical approach of Abdelhamid Bouraïo, who demonstrated a notable level of critical competence while engaging with Western critical methodologies. His critical discourse addressed a range of issues that emerged from his openness to Western criticism, particularly structuralism and semiotics. These issues underscored his remarkable capacity to activate and control the mechanisms inherent in these methodologies

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle requires a strong awareness of nutritional practices and dietary habits.In recent years, social media platforms have become influential channels for disseminating health and nutrition information to wide audiences.Among these platforms, Facebook plays a significant role in shaping users' attitudes and behaviors toward food consumption and healthy living.The abundance of nutritional information shared through social media pagesincluding advice on balanced diets, meal timing, and appropriate food choices-has contributed to the growing public interest in adopting healthier lifestyles.This study examines the role of social media in promoting healthy eating culture by analyzing the Facebook page "Regimey," which had accumulated approximately one million followers by October 2023.Using a descriptiveanalytical approach, the research explores the types of dietary content presented on the page, the strategies used to promote healthy eating practices, and the nature of audience engagement with the shared content.The findings aim to highlight how digital platforms can serve as tools for health education and behavioral change by providing practical dietary guidance, encouraging healthier food choices, and increasing public awareness of nutrition-related issues.The study contributes to understanding the growing influence of social media on public health communication and emphasizes the importance of responsible dissemination of dietary information through online platforms.

The Sandfish lizard (Scincus scincus) is well adapted to the harsh desert environment of the Algerian Sahara. This study investigated the effects of season and sex on the morphometric measurements and selected blood biochemical parameters of the Sandfish lizard, including 29 females and 31 males from the El Oued region in the southeastern Algerian Sahara. Morphometric and biochemical parameters were assessed across winter, spring, and summer (2024). The results indicated that males had significantly larger total length (TBL), snout-vent length (SVL), vent-to-tail length (TL), trunk length (TRL), forelimb length (FL), and hindlimb length (HL) compared to females (P < 0.05). However, no significant sex-related differences were found in the blood biochemical parameters. Significant seasonal variations (P < 0.05) were observed in body weight (Wt), hindlimb length (HL), forelimb length (FL), head width (HW), mouth length (ML), and body width (BW). Additionally, highly significant seasonal variations (P < 0.005) were found in all blood parameters except for calcium. These findings suggest that while morphometric characteristics vary significantly by sex, certain physiological parameters are more influenced by seasonal changes, highlighting the Sandfish lizard's adaptability to its environment.

Context: Free Space Optics (FSO) transmission is a promising alternative to conventional wired networks, offering high bandwidth, low latency, and enhanced security. However, FSO performance is highly sensitive to physical factors, particularly the divergence angle of the optical beam. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of beam divergence on key FSO system performance metrics to guide optimal system design. Method: MATLAB-based simulations were conducted to model Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), and Q factor under varying divergence angles. The sensitivity of system performance to beam alignment and signal strength was analyzed across different divergence configurations. Results: Results indicate that smaller divergence angles provide higher SNR and Q factor values and lower BER, ensuring superior communication quality but requiring precise alignment. Conversely, larger divergence angles tolerate misalignment more effectively but at the cost of reduced signal quality. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the critical role of optimizing beam divergence to balance alignment tolerance and signal integrity, thereby enhancing the efficiency and reliability of optical wireless communication systems.

Social justice is a fundamental concept in contemporary social thought, occupying a central position in social and human studies as a key determinant in organizing social life, ensuring stability, and promoting social cohesion at all levels.It refers to a set of principles and standards that aim to achieve fairness and equality among individuals in society regarding the distribution of resources, opportunities, rights, and obligations without discrimination based on gender, social class, origin, or cultural affiliation.Furthermore, social justice encompasses not only formal legal equality, but also economic, social, and cultural dimensions, addressing the structural imbalances that produce social inequalities.In Arab societies, including Algerian society, this concept takes on special significance amid economic and social transformations.Consequently, social justice has become a focal point in social and political discussions, giving rise to interrelated concepts such as the relationship between social justice and equality, freedom, development, human rights, and social services.Thus, it is evident that the concept of social justice is multidimensional and interconnected; it cannot be reduced to a single approach.Rather, achieving sustainable development and building a balanced society based on dignity, humanity, and social equity requires integration between economic, social, and legal frameworks.

This investigation explored how seasonal variation affects the phytochemical composition and biological potential of Rosmarinus officinalis L., a widely used aromatic and medicinal plant. Aerial parts collected during spring, summer, autumn, and winter were extracted with ethanol and analyzed using LC-ESI-MS/MS, while total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents were determined spectrophotometrically. The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibitory, analgesic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and photoprotective properties. Major constituents identified in all seasons included luteolin, kaempferol, rutin, and biochanin A. The autumn extract contained the highest phenolic (353.21 ± 4.05 µg GAE/mg) and flavonoid (190.11 ± 5.65 µg QE/mg) levels. Antioxidant assays revealed that the autumn extract had the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 24.72 ± 0.16 µg/mL), while the spring extract exhibited the greatest reducing power (A0.5 = 7.62 ± 0.30 µg/mL). The winter extract demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 = 28.60 ± 2.84 µg/mL), exceeding the reference drug diclofenac. Only the spring extract inhibited urease (IC50 = 62.26 ± 0.58 µg/mL) and moderately inhibited α-amylase. All seasonal extracts showed notable photoprotective potential, with SPF values between 25.18 and 32.46, well above the recommended minimum. The spring extract also presented strong analgesic activity and no acute toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg. Antimicrobial effects were weak, limited to slight inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, while moderate cytotoxicity was observed against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Overall, seasonal variation significantly influenced the chemical profile and bioactivities of R. officinalis, with autumn and spring identified as the most suitable harvesting periods for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

ABSTRACT The green citrus aphid ( Aphis spiraecola ) poses a serious threat to citrus production worldwide, primarily through the transmission of phytoviruses and the resulting yield losses in untreated orchards. Overreliance on synthetic insecticides such as Acetamiprid has led to increased resistance and environmental contamination (DT 50 >120 days in soil). In this study, we present a novel nanoformulation of Lavandula dentata essential oils, chemically characterized by GC‐MS, which is composed mainly of eucalyptol (12.8%), β‐pinene (5.7%), linalool (4.7%), camphene (4.4%), and α‐pinene (4.0%). Nanoparticles were synthesized via optimized ionotropic gelation (0.4% chitosan in 1% acetic acid, 0.3% TPP crosslinking, 1500 rpm, 60 min), yielding a high production rate (83.6% ± 1.2%), encapsulation efficiency (99.2% ± 0.5%), and loading capacity (21.3% ± 0.8%). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed uniform particle sizes (41.8 ± 3.1 nm) with excellent colloidal stability (+39.4 ± 1.8 mV zeta potential, PDI 0.57 ± 0.03). SEM imaging confirmed spherical morphology, smooth surfaces of nanoparticles, while unloaded controls appeared irregular and significantly larger (90.2 ± 5.6 nm). EDX analysis further validated successful encapsulation, with oil‐loaded particles showing a 6.7% increase in carbon content attributable to essential oil hydrocarbons, alongside preserved phosphorus signals from chitosan–TPP crosslinking. FTIR spectra exhibited characteristic peak shifts, including a 15 cm −1 displacement of the carbonyl stretch (1740 cm −1 ) and the emergence of new P–O–C vibrations (930–950 cm −1 ), confirming the presence of molecular interactions. In controlled bioassays (25°C ± 1°C, 65% ± 5% RH), the nanoformulation demonstrated enhanced insecticidal activity, with LC 50 decreasing from 0.43 mg/mL (48 h) to 0.25 mg/mL (72 h), representing a 42% increase in efficacy. Complete mortality (100%) was achieved at 0.5 mg/mL within 90 h, whereas unencapsulated oil lost 82% of its activity within 24 h due to volatility. The formulation also demonstrated excellent photostability (< 8% degradation after 72 h UV exposure) and low mammalian toxicity (OECD 208 LD 50 > 2000 mg/kg), offering a sustainable solution with 3.8 times longer residual activity than conventional sprays. These findings establish chitosan nanoencapsulation as a promising strategy for enhancing the stability and effectiveness of botanical insecticides in integrated pest management.