Abdus Salam Centre for Physics

Abstract All-inorganic halide perovskites have received a significant attention in recent years for their remarkable optoelectronic properties and better environmental stability. Here, we report the development of large-area and continuous CsPbBr 3 micro/noncrystal films with orthorhombic phase using a centrifugal casting method. We also examine the impact of annealing temperature on the characteristics of CsPbBr 3 films and their function as photodetectors. A relatively high annealing temperature (150 °C) improves surface uniformity, crystallinity, and defect density in CsPbBr 3 films, as demonstrated by morphological, structural, and optical investigations. Furthermore, CsPbBr 3 films have been applied onto the interdigitated patterned Au electrodes, resulting in symmetrical photoconductive detectors. The photodetector annealed at 150 °C performed significantly better than the control device annealed at 50 °C, indicating enhanced film quality. According to photoresponse analysis, the optimized film photodetector exhibits a high responsivity of 1603 mA W −1 , a large specific detectivity of 6.4 × 10 12 Jones, and a fast response speed of 19/20 ms. These improved results suggest that the annealing temperature plays a crucial role in determining the quality of solution-processed perovskite films and the performance of their photodetectors.

ABSTRACT Autonomous unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) require accurate and reliable navigation, capable of working in adverse conditions for secure mission completion. Navigation modules such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) sometimes deviate in outdoor environments or fail in indoor environments. The degradation in navigation leads the UGV to deviate from its desired position. This paper addresses the challenge of interruption in navigation during a mission. The sensor fusion scheme using the estimation architecture of Kalman Filter (KF) enables the robot to navigate itself by fusing the data from GPS, encoders and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The scheme navigates the robot within practical limits during the GPS denial. Following a review of the Meccanum Wheel Robot's model dynamics and kinematics, we synthesized the KF‐based sensor fusion scheme. Simulations and experiments are performed on different trajectories to evaluate the proposed scheme, with Root Mean Square Error as a quantitative measure. Results demonstrate the efficacy of KF‐based sensor fusion for navigation in the presence of GPS denial, thereby ensuring the successful completion of the mission.

This paper examines the literary representation of Christian household maids in Rukhsana Ahmad’s A Day for Nuggo, shedding light on their struggles and acts of defiance within a deeply stratified society. Drawing on Maria Lugones’ theoretical concepts of “coloniality of gender”, “coalition-building”, and Mafile’o et al.’s concept of “We Story,” the study highlights pervasive inequities these women face both as household maids and as members of a marginalized community. It critiques the societal tendency to dehumanize or exalt them as superhumans based on their labor. The study uncovers different forms of resistance, such as “coalition-building”, by this marginalized group to challenge oppressive constructs and imposed inferiority. By highlighting the importance of including the narratives of such communities in the scholarships of decoloniality and feminism, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of social issues by centering the marginal groups to such research and literary representations and mildly critiques the unconscious oblivion of Pakistani literary writers to focus on these much-neglected representations.

The CMS experiment is undergoing a major upgrade to prepare for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), which will deliver a significant increase in instantaneous luminosity. This new regime creates an environment of extreme radiation, high pileup, and unprecedented data rates. To meet these challenges, the entire tracking system will be replaced as part of the CMS Phase-2 Upgrade. The new Phase-2 Outer Tracker (OT) is designed with higher granularity and radiation tolerance. Crucially, it will, for the first time, provide tracking information to the Level-1 trigger, enabling sustainable trigger rates without sacrificing physics potential. The OT is built around two module types: the 2S and PS modules. Both implement a novel concept for transverse momentum discrimination at the hardware level to enable track triggering.This paper presents the design, goals, and status of the OT. It focuses on the research, development, and production efforts, including the qualification of silicon sensors, the assembly and testing of strip detector modules, and the construction of the local mechanical support structures. We show the validation process which includes laboratory measurements and beam tests, quality assurance procedures, and integration into larger mechanical structures. A detailed discussion of the ladder design and prototyping will be given and key findings from metrology and integration tests will be presented for local support structures both for the barrel and the endcap regions.