Academy of Federal Security Guard Service of Russian Federation

Precedent phenomena act as a tool of informing and influencing the addressee in the media space. The aim of the article is to examine the functioning of precedent phenomena as a means of representing current events in media discourse. The relevance of the research is determined by the widespread use of precedent phenomena in mass media. Concepts of precedent phenomena represent a mental image of a stereotypical situation, which reflects the results of human cognition of the surrounding reality. In modern media texts, the peripheral layer is transformed under the influence of the extralinguistic context, while the nuclear layer of the conceptual component of the concept remains unchanged. The value and figurative (metaphorical) components of precedent phenomena related to associations at the diachronic level contribute to the expansion of the notional component of the concept when representing current events at the synchronic level. The article proposes an algorithm for the study of the verbalized concepts “fifth column”, “great game”, “iron curtain”, “cold war”, “road map”, “Pearl Harbor”, which, in the form of perception invariants, are included in the cognitive base of most linguistic and cultural communities. The sources of the research material were the texts of the quality English language press in the period of 2022-2023. To accomplish the task, the following methods are applied: discourse analysis, cognitive analysis, and diachronic analysis. The discourse analysis explicates the meaning of the precedent phenomenon at the synchronic level, taking into account nonlinguistic factors (political and socio-cultural context). Cognitive analysis defines the value component of the concept, which includes subjective modalities (axiological, emotive, deontic). An axiological modality is a rational (positive or negative) assessment of an event. Emotional evaluation is the result of a sensual reaction to a fragment of the world around. The deontic modality is connected with the normative worldview of the society that regulates the behavior of people in the community and the interaction of states in the global world. Diachronic analysis reveals the origin of the precedent phenomenon and defines its value and figurative (metaphorical) aspects, as well as the core layer of the concept. The proposed algorithm of analyzing verbalized concepts can be helpful for professionals in the field of cognitive linguistics, media linguistics, and political linguistics. The investigated precedent phenomena as dynamically evolving and transforming concepts may be of interest for further detailed study.

Classification of high-entropy data sources is one of the key problems in the field of information security. Currently, there are many methods for classification of encrypted and compressed sequences; however, they mostly use digital signatures or service information found in the headers of the containers used to store or transfer data. This paper analyzes the state of research in the field of classification of encrypted and compressed data and develops a model of encrypted and compressed sequences. Our experiments demonstrate a high accuracy of the proposed approach, which allows us to conclude that the methods for classifying encrypted and compressed data used in our study have been improved. The approach can be implemented in data leak prevention systems or corporate email systems to analyze the attachments sent outside the controlled perimeter of a government agency or enterprise. Purpose of the research – develop a model of pseudo-random sequences generated by data encryption and compression algorithms that most accurately reflects statistical properties of these sequences. Methods of the research – statistical data analysis, mathematical statistics, and machine learning. Result of the research – An analysis of the studies aimed at solving the problem of classification for encrypted and compressed sequences in the field of information security is carried out. A model of pseudo-random sequences generated by encryption and compression algorithms is developed taking into account their statistical features: distribution of bytes and distribution of subsequences of limited length, which constitute a new probabilistic space. The choice of the statistical features used in the pseudo-random sequence model is justified. Experiments for determining the hyperparameters of the classifier on a dataset generated from encrypted and compressed files without taking their headers into account are carried out. The constraints used in the pseudo-random sequence model, namely, the length of pseudo-random sequences (approximately 600 Kb), are defined. Experiments for determining the effect of the statistical features used in the model on classification accuracy are conducted. The proposed approach allows encrypted and compressed data to be classified with an accuracy of 0.97.

Despite the availability of data leak detection and prevention tools, there are currently a growing number of confidential data leaks through the fault of insiders. One of the possible data leak channels is encrypted or compressed data transfer, because the existing data leak detection tools use content data analysis methods. This article presents an algorithm of detecting encrypted and compressed data that is based on the statistical model of pseudo-random sequences and allows detecting encrypted and compressed data to an accuracy of 0.99.

Доказываются локальные предельные теоремы для сложных дискретных распределений (нормальная и теорема о больших уклонениях). Рассматриваются некоторые примеры таких распределений, включая сложное пуассоновское и сложные биномиальное и отрицательное биномиальное распределения. В изложении, наряду с элементарными асимптотическими методами, используется метод перевала.

This paper presents a confidential text documents leakage investigation system, focused on leak channels by documents printing and screen photographing. Internal intruders may print confidential document, take paper copy out of protected perimeter, make document image by scanner and perform anonymous leak. Also, intruders may take a photo of printed confidential document or displayed on workstation screen using personal mobile phone. Described leakage channels are weakly covered by traditional DLP systems that are usually used by enterprises for confidential information leak protection. Digital watermark (DWM) embedding is chosen as a document protection mechanism by implying changing of document image visual representation. In case of confidential document anonymous leak embedded DWM would enable the employee to determine what leak intentionally or by security protocol violation. System architecture consists of different type components. Employees’ workstation components provide DWM embedding into documents, which are sent for printing or displayed on screen. Information about watermark embedding is sent to a remote server that aggregates marking facts and provides it to security officer during investigation. Text document marking algorithms are developed, which embed DWM into printed and displayed on screen documents. Screen watermark is embedded into interline space interval, information is encoded by sequence of lightened and darkened spaces. DWM embedding into printed documents is implemented by three algorithms: horizontal and vertical shift based, font fragments brightness changing based. Algorithms testing methodology is developed in view of the production environment, that helped to evaluate the application area of algorithms. Besides, intruder model was formulated, system security was evaluated and determined possible attack vectors.

The article deals with the distribution of resources for the creation of information and telecommunications services of the organization. A review of existing resource allocation algorithms is conducted and an algorithm for resource allocation based on the cost function is proposed. An algorithm for selecting applications for the creation of information services in the IT department of the organization is developed. The best results were shown by the <NEWQ> algorithm for the values of affect ratio average value equal to 2.156 compared to the algorithm <PRIORL>.

In the article, a comprehensive analysis of theoretical aspects of the formation of “e-government” was carried out in the context of the development of new state management. Factors affecting the formation and development of e-government in Russia have been identified.The authors argue that the application of new and improved e-government tools is an important task in the context of improving the efficiency of public and municipal governance. The use of “e-government” technologies and tools makes the process of public administration more open, as citizens receive the necessary level of awareness about the results of the activities of public authorities. The advantages of developing interactive interaction between state administration bodies and citizens through expansion of activities of state ports, multifunctional centers of provision of state and municipal services, as well as state automated systems are justified.

The following topics are dealt with: cryptography; formal specification; formal verification; grid computing; data analysis; Java; storage management; watermarking; cryptographic protocols; and protocols.

The article aims to analyse prosodic markers of abnormal communication. Relevance of the paper is conditioned by the necessity to study communicative anomalies so as to be able to detect and overcome them. Objects of the research are conflict communicative situations; the author’s attention is focused on such a prosodic indicator of communicative conflict as verbalized cry. The analysis of fiction discourse has revealed new information about communicants’ emotional states and their non-verbal response to the interlocutor’s raising tone. Gender peculiarities of communicants’ abnormal prosodic behaviour are identified; frequency of prosodic meta-communicative markers of conflict communication is determined.

In article the approach to problem statement on working out of a mathematical method of modelling of parameters of a shielding design based on synthesis of a superficial impedance as return problem of the diffraction providing constructions of physically realized design with the description of external influence, boundary conditions with use the gradient methods, providing a finding functional is considered.