Academy of Music in Łódź

Artykuł opisuje podstawy teorii palimpsestu muzycznego w kontekście intertekstualności literackiej oraz muzycznej. Autorka przedstawia kontekst historyczny w postaci rozwoju pojęcia intertekstualności, a także przywołuje charakterystykę wybranych zjawisk intertekstualnych w muzyce: cytatu, aluzji, stylizacji, parafrazy i modelowania. Nakreślona w artykule teoria opiera się na metaforycznym rozumieniu palimpsestu (w oryginale odnoszącego się do pergaminu, na który naniesiono nowy tekst po uprzednim wytarciu pierwotnego zapisu), które zostało zaczerpnięte z teorii transtekstualności Gérarda Genette’a oraz przeniesione na grunt muzyczny. Podstawą zaproponowanej przez autorkę typologii omawianego zjawiska jest oś spektrum palimpsestu muzycznego z dwoma przeciwnymi biegunami, reprezentującymi palimpsest ideowy oraz strukturalny. Teoria obejmuje liczne, zaproponowane przez autorkę kryteria przyporządkowujące dany utwór do któregoś z określonych typów (bliżej bądź dalej jednego z biegunów na osi spektrum). Autorka podjęła również próbę konfrontacji wprowadzanego pojęcia z wcześniej opisanymi zjawiskami intertekstualnymi w muzyce w celu dalszego doprecyzowania definicji palimpsestu muzycznego.

Extensive research on the archival collection of Zygmunt Krauze (b. 1938) documenting over twenty years of activity of the “Warsaw Music Workshop” (Warsztat Muzyczny), a pioneering instrumental group specializing in new music, led the author to put forward a thesis about a new, “open” type of performance. This article is an attempt to define the concept of open performance, which is essentially an artistic attitude at the junction of areas of performance and creativity, that goes far beyond the score. The idea of open performance refers to Umberto Eco's concept of open work (opera aperta), according to which every modern work of art should be considered to have a specific “potential of openness”. The activity of the “Warsaw Music Workshop” is treated here as a model example of this “potentially open” attitude. Deliberation on open performance raises questions about the boundaries of interpretation, as well as responsibility for the final musical piece and artistic freedom.

The legend of Pyramus and Thisbe is one of those myths that have inspired creators for thousands of years, undergoing new and new metamorphoses. The story is specific in such a way that, thanks to Shakespeare’s genius, one of the versions has become dominant – that is, the story of Romeo and Juliet. What is interesting, even the fact that Shakespeare himself included the original theme of the story of Pyramus and Thisbe in his play A Midsummer Night’s Dream did not change this situation. In Western culture, the sory of a boy and a girl who committed suicide (as a result of a misunderstanding and an unfortunate coincidence due to the fact that because of their family situation they had no chance for a life together) has been invariably and primarily linked to the names of Romeo and Juliet, and not Pyramus and Thisbe. However, in works by opera composers as well as in literature and other areas of art, the original names of the characters from one of Ovid’s Metamorphoses have never disappeared. The present article lists numerous operas, literary works and other works of art based on the story of Pyramus and Thisbe. It devotes a special attention to the lyrical drama by Frederick Delius entitled A Village Romeo and Juliet, inspired by the short story by Gottfried Keller created in the trend poetic realism. The story, which is another instalment of the ancient legend, was inspired by real events of 1847. Hence, in the work, realistic themes are combined with the elements of the ancient myth. Keller’s literary work was clothed by Delius in oneiric theatrical and musical robes, in which it is not difficult to find the means of expression that were very fashionable at the turn of the 20th century. The interesting fact is that the title of the drama includes a reference to the characters from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and not to Ovid’s Metamorphoses, even though direct analogies with the legend of Pryamus and Thisbe are very clear. This is another proof how much the awareness of European people is dominated by one of the versions of the discussed myth, displacing the ancient story described by Ovid.

Rozwój nowych mediów, obserwowane starzenie się publiczności uczestniczącej w koncertach muzyki klasycznej i stan polskiego szkolnictwa muzycznego na nowo stawiają przed nami pytanie tak o teraźniejszość, jak i o przyszłość muzyki klasycznej. Mimo że dostęp do różnego rodzaju koncertów jest niemal nieograniczony, a oferta bardzo atrakcyjna, regularnie zmniejsza się liczba słuchaczy muzyki klasycznej, zwłaszcza w krajach Europy zachodniej, ale także w Polsce, a średnia wieku słuchaczy znacząco wzrasta. Rozmijanie się oferty z liczbą słuchaczy może doprowadzić w dwóch następnych dziesięcioleciach do drastycznych zmian w preferencjach muzycznych polskiego społeczeństwa. W artykule są przedstawiane dane z XXI wieku dotyczące słuchalności koncertów muzyki klasycznej (i podobnych form muzycznych) w Polsce i porównawczo w Niemczech – statystyki dotyczące liczby koncertów, liczby słuchaczy oraz przyszłości rynku koncertowego. Ważnem aspektem omawianym w artykule jest analiza bezpośredniego związku obecności muzyki klasycznej w życiu człowieka i jej percepcji z wczesną socjalizacją muzyczną.

The well-known practice of transcribing the most famous works by outstanding composers, especially for the piano, was one of the most widely used methods of popularising music in the 19th century. We can say that it had a similar function to literary translation just as different language versions and adaptations prove the popularity of literary masterpieces, the fact that transcriptions (for piano, other instrument, or a different ensemble) were created was evidence of the particular interest of the audience. Apart from the composer himself, transcriptions and paraphrases of vocal works by Moniuszko were made by Henryk Melcer-Szczawiski, Wadysaw Krogulski, Zygmunt Noskowski, Ignaz Friedman, Maurice Dietrich, and others.Nowadays, the role the piano used to perform in a house has largely been replaced by the recording industry and modern media and access to music is unlimited in most countries. This situation significantly reduces the demand for creating usable versions of works by famous composers. So is there room for new arrangements of Moniuszkos works on the modern music market? Jazz productions by Bogdan Halicki and the latest proposal from Wodek Pawlik prove that the problem of promoting music by this Polish composer remains valid and as time goes by, there is a growing need to adjust these compositions to the tastes of modern audiences. The aim of this article is to characterise transcriptions and arrangements of vocal works by Stanisaw Moniuszko and to show different transformations of the original pieces depending on their functions and potential listeners by analogy with literary translation.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether anxiety and insomnia symptoms, somatic symptoms, and social dysfunction mediate the link between chronotype and suicidality, as depressive symptoms are known to do, among students of the faculties of Medicine and Psychology. Data from a total of 289 students were eligible for the analysis. The students completed the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire – Revised, Composite Scale of Morningness, General Health Questionnaire. Single-predictor linear regression models were created to predict suicidality, with a subsequent mediation analysis. A preference toward eveningness was associated with an increase in suicidality Somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, and depressive symptoms fully mediated the relationship between chronotype and suicidality. Depressive symptoms were found to present the strongest effect size of mediation. Social dysfunction was associated with both eveningness and suicidality, but did not play a mediating role. There might be a need to evaluate nonpsychotic mental health indices other than depressive symptoms when assessing the link between suicidality and chronotype among students of the faculties of Medicine and Psychology.

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the need for employing transcriptions of well-known musical works in the teaching of piano performance for four hands and for two pianos. The origins of the concept of transcription is presented, development of transcription in the context of the history of musical forms is traced back, as well as performance-related aspects of a transcription are analysed. The article shows advantages of a transcription as an arrangement developing the pianist’s technique and art of interpretation. The publication also includes a list of the transcribed pieces available from the Petrucci Online Library, as well as a list of original transcriptions of the 19th-century Polish composers scored for four hands. The article also features a link to the recordings of selected transcriptions of popular operatic, symphonic and chamber works, made by the author of the article together with Agata Kalińska-Bonińska.

Both the epidemiological data and the everyday medical practice demonstrate the coincidence of various types of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with asthma. Specific correlations between the risk of DM in pregnancy, asthma and the consequences of these diseases to the mother and her baby are also explored. The discussion concerning, on the one hand, the impact of asthma-related inflammatory condition on the metabolism of carbohydrates, and, on the other, the presence of chronic hyperglycemia and inflammatory markers observed in patients with asthma, is still ongoing. In the case of asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), a correlation with the dysfunction of the immune system and the genetic background has been suggested, and in the case of type 2 (T2DM), the vital role of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) to promote excessive proinflammatory immune response. The data indicate that both asthma and DM affect mutually their clinical presentations, including the prognostic values and therapeutic possibilities. The ongoing controversy concerning the effective and safe anti-asthma and hypoglycemizing therapy does not allow for a definitive therapeutic consensus in this group of patients, despite the suggested role of metformin and hyperglycemizing effects of glucocorticoids. Therefore, the objective of the presented paper is a review of the knowledge in the field of DM and asthma coincidence, their probable causal relationships and therapeutic opportunities.

Streszczenie: W niniejszym artykule omwione zostan tradycyjne formy finansowania

Report from the 2nd Music Forum for Young Scientists and Artists in Łódź