Academy of Science of Turkmenistan

In Turkmenistan, gender equality is a fundamental principle of democracy. As an active member of the international community, Turkmenistan has acceded to key international conventions and consistently strengthens its national legislation in this area. The monthly, widely circulated women's magazine, “Zenan Kalby” (“Woman's Heart”), covers the full spectrum of Turkmen women's lives. Information on gender equality is disseminated through various media channels, including dedicated radio and television programmes, as well as regular articles and reviews in newspapers and magazines. To enhance awareness among all stakeholders regarding human rights and gender equality, Human Rights Information Centres have been established. These centres regularly host discussions, meetings, and round tables addressing issues related to state and legal development, and the protection and implementation of citizens' rights and freedoms, including gender equality. In sum, a review of key indicators related to the status of women and gender disparities demonstrates that Turkmenistan has undertaken substantial and purposeful work, resulting in demonstrable progress. Keywords: Gender, gender equality, gender equality, gender policy, sustainable development, discrimination, self-realisation, awareness.

As the nature management practice used today shows, it can be a deterrent in the development of the regional economy.Indeed, the development and condition of the economic sphere directly depends on the state of the environment, since, as before, a person receives most of the resources due to nature.Here, the environmental factor in the region comes to the fore.It is necessary to consider this aspect on the example of the Rostov Oblast.

The article introduces into scientific circulation and analyses information about the traditions of respecting the older generation in the Turkmen rural community. In large Turkmen villages, the most respected person of the older generation was the main adviser and mentor to all its residents. When making important decisions, he always consulted with other elders of the settlement. For this purpose, the oldest person convened a council. The elder’s opinion was of much significance; the villagers relied on his wisdom, life experience and honesty. The elders did not receive or expect any remuneration, since service to society was considered a sacred duty. All important issues, from naming a newborn to the burial of the deceased, were brought to the attention of representatives of the older generation. People listened to what the elders had to say and acted upon their instructions. As a result of the centuries-old development in the Turkmen rural community, the rules of the people’s council, the principles of managing Turkmen society, based on the knowledge and wisdom of the older generation, were developed.

Introducing an innovative electronic chessboard system set to transform the gaming landscape. This groundbreaking system employs magnet reed sensors to meticulously track chess piece movements, seamlessly translating them into digital signals processed by an Arduino microcontroller. The result is real-time visualization on a computer screen, providing players with immediate feedback and enabling detailed game analysis. Beyond traditional chess, the system offers versatility, with potential applications in large-scale events, remote viewing, and interactive learning platforms. By creating a dynamic learning environment, it not only engages chess enthusiasts but also fosters strategic thinking across diverse learning styles. With its blend of technology and strategy, this electronic chessboard system promises to revolutionize gaming and education alike, inspiring players of all ages and skill levels.

The article "On the discrete part of the spectrum of an elliptic operator" examines the study of the nature of the spectrum, which consists in studying a set of spectral points depending on the behavior of coefficients in a differential operation, the type and nature of boundary value problems.The question of the structure of the spectrum of differential operators is important.Special attention is paid to the construction of functional calculus and the proof of the spectral theorem in its various formulations.

Water scarcity is a rising challenge in many regions around the world, including nations economically dependent upon agriculture. Interventions for efficient use of scarce water can include lining irrigation canals with artificial materials or the use of enclosed horizontal drainage systems. One key innovation widely deployed in arid regions is drip irrigation which allows targeting water delivery to irrigated cropland, minimizing unutilized and wasted agricultural runoff. However, conventional approaches to construct and operate drip irrigation systems face can encounter disruptions from hot temperatures, exposure of drip irrigation plastics to sediment buildup, high-salinity soils, heavy metals, and chemical fertilizer runoff. This paper describes how nanomaterial- enabled drip irrigation systems can overcome some limitations of conventional plastic drip irrigation systems, as well as (a) improve the efficient delivery of water, and (b) enrich soil quality in specific environments. To determine the influence of nanomaterials were used methods of ion chromatography, potentiometric, and electrochemical methods. As a result, an innovative injector was obtained containing sulfur nanoparticles. The chemical composition of this injector has a positive effect on the indicators of mineral components of water.

XX. yüzyıl Türkmen dili, edebiyatı, tarihi ve medeniyeti açısından süreli yayınların ayrı bir yeri vardır. Çünkü bu yüzyıl Türkmen halkının siyasi ve sosyal hayatta yaşadığı en önemli tarihî dönemdir. Özellikle Sovyet Türkmenistanı döneminde yayımlanan süreli yayınlar, Türkmen düşünce yapısını yansıtan panorama olduğu görülebilir. Bu dönemde Türkmen gençlerine yönelik farklı süreli yayınlar neşredilmiştir. Bunlardan biri de 1925 yılında yayın hayatına başlayan “Yaş Kommunist” (Genç Komünist) gazetesidir. “Yaş Kommunist” gazetesi, Türkmen düşünce tarihi, dili ve edebiyatı açısından Arap alfabesiyle yayımlanmaya başlayan önemli bir Türkmence süreli yayındır. Bu süreçte Sovyetler Birliği ideolojisinin propaganda aracı olan gazetede, Türkmen edebiyatı alanında yayımlanan şiirler ve edebi materyaller ayrı bir değer taşımaktadır. Gazetede dönemin Türkmen edebiyatının önde gelen temsilcilerinin Türkmen dili, edebiyatı ve kültürü ile ilgili yazıları yayımlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda gazetede, Türkmen edebî eleştiri kültürü ve tarihi ilgili önemli yazılar yer almaktadır. “Yaş Kommunist” gazetesinde, dönemin önemli simaları tarafından yayımlanan yazılar, Türkmen düşünce tarihinin gelişim ve değişim sürecini göstermesi açısından da değerli metinlerdir. Özellikle 1904-1943 yılları arasında yaşamış olan Amandurdı Alamışov’un “Söndi” adıyla kaleme aldığı yazı dizisi, Türkmen edebiyatı alanına ayrı bir renk katmıştır. Sovyet Türkmenistanı döneminde kaleme alan Alamışov’un “Söndi” isimli eseri, bu konuda yazılan öncü poemalardan biridir. Türkmen Edebiyatı’nın önde gelen temsilcileri olan Alamışov’un “Söndi” poeması, Ekim İhtilali’nden sonra Türkmen düşüncesinin durumunu beyan eden yazı olmakla birlikte Sovyet Türkmenistanı döneminin gelişim ve değişimini gösteren panorama olduğu da söylenebilir. Ayrıca gazetenin Sovyet Türkmenistan’ında Latinleştirme sürecinin önemli bir rol oynadığı görülebilir. Sovyet Türkmenistanı’nın ilk yıllarında yayın hayatına başlayan ve bu dönemin en başarılı edebî eseri olan Alamışov’un “Söndi” poemasının ilk Arap alfabesiyle yayımlanan “Yaş Kommunist” gazetesi, dönemin Türkmen dili, edebiyatı, medeniyeti, tarihi açısından değerli süreli yayınlardan biridir.

The article covers the questions connected with life and activity of a certain circle of known people, many of which were born in Turkmenistan, at will of destiny at children's age were brought up out of the primary native land. The Mamed-khan Tekinsky (1880?–1938) was one of those which description of destiny became the primary goal for the author of given article. Basiing on the historical and biographical method, the main milestones in the life and work of celebrities of the first decades of the twentieth century, who bore surnames uncharacteristic for the Turkmen, were identified, in particular, Mamed Khan Tekinsky. During the study it was revealed that information about him can be found in the state archive of the Odessa region of Ukraine, many materials can be found in the works of Azerbaijani scientists, at the same time, his fate after April 1920 is unknown. The conclusions emphasize the need to continue the study of the biography of Mamed Khan Tekinsky, namely his Turkmen period, in order to fully present the biography and biography of Mamed Khan Tekinsky – a lawyer, statesman, an outstanding diplomat of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic – the first state of the Turkic peoples of the European type.

The PURPOSE of study is to improve the quality of liquid bitumen that is used in road construction, based on the addition of extra components to its composition. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES - study and identification of the possibilities of using gossypol resin and soapstock of dry calcareous and liquid waste of industrial enterprises to improve the properties of liquid bitumen, taking into account its characteristics (viscosity, adhesion, hydrophobicity, etc.). METHODS: elemental analysis: comparison of the quality of traditional petroleum bitumen and organic composition obtained by adding industrial waste; identification of the surface-active properties of liquid bitumen to the adhesion ability of the added mixtures. RESULTS. As a result of the studies carried out, it was revealed that the interaction of gossypol resin and soapstock with other components, increases the relative viscosity of liquid bitumen. If 12.5% of a surfactant - gossypol resin and 23% solution, containing 12.5% Ca (OH)2 is added to 75% of liquid bitumen, the relative viscosity of bitumen will clearly increase. In laboratory conditions, the adhesive properties of compositions with high viscosity were also investigated. An analysis of the economic efficiency and environmental aspects of the use of industrial waste for liquid bitumen and binding compositions in road constructions is given. The following components were selected for the production of asphalt concrete: 75% liquid bitumen, 12.5% gossypol resin, 12.5% Ca (OH)2 solution, amiesite of small fraction (10–20 mm), sand, etc. The main indicators testify the full compliance of asphalt concrete with the requirements of Road Bitumen Normatives (Standards) according to state standards (GOST), as well as a significant improvement in the adhesive properties of liquid bitumen. CONCLUSION. In the above composition, an improvement in the properties of liquid bitumen and an increase in its viscosity is observed. By adding industrial waste to liquid bitumen, it is possible to obtain asphalt concrete that meets the generally accepted requirements of GOST (state standard).

Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep are important predictors of children's health. This paper aimed to investigate socioeconomic disparities in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep across the WHO European region. This cross-sectional study used data on 124,700 children aged 6 to 9years from 24 countries participating in the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative between 2015 and 2017. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured through parental education, parental employment status, and family perceived wealth. Overall, results showed different patterns in socioeconomic disparities in children's movement behaviors across countries. In general, high SES children were more likely to use motorized transportation. Low SES children were less likely to participate in sports clubs and more likely to have more than 2h/day of screen time. Children with low parental education had a 2.24 [95% CI 1.94-2.58] times higher risk of practising sports for less than 2h/week. In the pooled analysis, SES was not significantly related to active play. The relationship between SES and sleep varied by the SES indicator used. Importantly, results showed that low SES is not always associated with a higher prevalence of "less healthy" behaviors. There is a great diversity in SES patterns across countries which supports the need for country-specific, targeted public health interventions.