Adidas (United States)

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to categorize the whole body shapes of overweight and obese females in the US and examine apparel fit based on the current ASTM sizing standards related to the body shapes categorized.Design/methodology/approachBody scan data from 2,672 subjects were used. To categorize their whole body shapes using 97 body measurements, principal component analysis with varimax rotation, a hierarchical cluster analysis and K-means cluster analysis were used. To compare the ASTM sizing standards for plus sizes (curvy and straight) and missy sizes (curvy and straight), five body parts (bust, under bust, waist, top hip, hip) using the formula for fit tolerance (measurement plus half of the interval) were compared with the ASTM sizing standards to determine the size appropriate for each body part.FindingsFive whole body shapes among overweight and obese females in the US were categorized: Rectangle-curvy; parallelogram-moderately curvy; parallelogram-hip tilt; inverted trapezoid-moderately curvy and inverted trapezoid-hip tilt. When the body measurements in each body shape were compared with the current ASTM sizing systems for both misses and plus sizes, four-fifths or more of overweight and obese female adults in the US would find it difficult to obtain a perfect fit for both tops and bottoms.Originality/valueIdentifying whole body shapes among overweight and obese women in the US contributes significantly, as it will help apparel companies that target the markets of larger women develop a new sizing system. This study is the first attempt to analyze fit by comparing the ASTM sizing charts with body measurements in each body shape group. Further, the study contributes to the body-related literature by filling gaps in missing whole BS categories among overweight and obese females.

Los trabajos anteriores sobre las construcciones interrogativas del español, centrados en estudiar la diversidad de patrones sintácticos y su multifuncionalidad comunicativa, rompen con la relación isomórfica entre forma (interrogativa) y función (buscar información) que se estableció en la gramática tradicional. En este artículo, a través de un análisis basado en la frecuencia de todas las preguntas parciales directas en 27 horas de conversación natural puertorriqueña (N = 1210), establecemos la existencia de correlaciones significativas entre la función pragmática de la pregunta y la forma sintáctica que adquiere la construcción interrogativa. Las formas canónicas (interrogativas Verbo-Sujeto y sin sujeto expreso) se corresponden con la función de buscar información, mientras que las formas no canónicas (interrogativas hendidas e interrogativas Sujeto-Verbo) típicamente cumplen otras funciones discursivas. Los resultados de los análisis de la regla variable (Varbrul) exponen con detalle los factores lingüísticos que restringen de manera significativa el uso de estas formas no canónicas.