Advanced Energy (United States)

Addressing the challenge of coordinated dispatch between wind/solar and thermal power in new energy grids, this research proposes a thermal power unit output prediction method based on a Transformer-BiLSTM hybrid deep learning model. First, a simulated annealing algorithm optimizes the output configuration of solar thermal power plants to mitigate fluctuations in wind and solar combined generation. An ant colony-greedy algorithm is then integrated to determine the optimal dispatch data for thermal power units, constructing a high-quality training dataset under physical constraints. In the model design, a bidirectional long short-term memory network captures short-term temporal features, while the Transformer’s multi-head self-attention mechanism models long-term dependencies. The model innovatively incorporates the learnable positional encoding to enhance temporal awareness. Experimental results demonstrate accurate predictions, with the power constraint mechanism effectively correcting over-limit forecasts. This ensures 98.7% of predictions during low-load periods comply with unit technical specifications. Compared to existing methods, this model avoids data limitations and manual feature engineering bottlenecks through the end-to-end wind–solar–thermal mapping, providing a high-precision solution for dispatch decisions in renewable-dominated grids.

ABSTRACT The salts with amine‐group and self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been commonly used as additives and hole‐selective layers (HTLs) to enhance the performance of wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which hold great potential to develop low‐cost tandem photovoltaic technology surpassing the Shockley‐Queisser efficiency limit. In this work, a multifunctional additive, 4‐guanidinobenzoic acid hydrochloride (GBAC), was employed to effectively regulate WBG perovskite film crystallization and suppress phase segregation, resulting in enhanced open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) and phase stability in PSCs. However, the charge transport in WBG PSCs is affected by the interaction between GBAC and SAM. By modulating the interfacial dipole and energy‐level alignment of SAM modified transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrates, WBG PSC with a bandgap of 1.66 eV obtained the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.12% with a high fill factor (FF) of 85.64%. Moreover, the device retains 94% of its initial PCE after 600 h of maximum power point tracking under one‐sun illumination at room temperature. Finally, a mechanically stacked perovskite/Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) tandem solar cell attains a PCE of 28.81%. This work provides insight of modulating the interaction between additives and SAMs in high‐performance perovskite photovoltaic devices.

Despite the exceptional optoelectronic properties of three-dimensional (3D) perovskites, their commercial application remains constrained by insufficient long-term stability. Low-dimensional (LD)@3D perovskites integrate the high efficiency of 3D frameworks with the superior stability of LD phases, presenting a highly promising architecture. Herein, a series of aromatic heterocyclic imidazole derivatives, specifically 1H-benzo[d]imidazole hydroiodide (BnI), 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine hydroiodide (PdI), and 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazine hydroiodide (PzI), are tailored and incorporated into perovskite precursors as additives, promoting the formation of LD@3D perovskites. The LD perovskites can effectively passivate defects at the grain boundary and interface, optimize energy level alignment, and improve hole extraction. As a result, the champion perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on PzI achieve an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.63%. Meanwhile, the unencapsulated devices with PzI display superior long-term stability, which retain 90% of their initial PCE after 1600h in ambient air. Finally, this strategy is successfully scaled to minimodules, delivering an efficiency of 21.51% for an active area of 20.25cm2, which is a very competitive efficiency in minimodules. This study highlights the pivotal role of rational additive engineering in LD@3D perovskites, demonstrating that tailored molecular design for highly efficient and stable PSCs.

ABSTRACT Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) deliver enhanced safety and high energy density using Li‐anode and high‐voltage cathodes. Garnet‐type Li 7‐ x La 3 Zr 2‐ x Ta x O 12 (LLZTO) is attractive owing to its high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical window. However, the practical application of LLZTO‐based SSBs is hindered by poor interfacial contact with the Li‐anode due to local defects and voids, which disrupt the homogeneity of current distribution and promote Li dendrites. Herein, we have developed a gradient composite anode, LiF‐Li 9 Al 4 /Li x Ag (LAA), via a one‐step molten reaction. In this architecture, LiF preferentially resides at the LLZTO side to ensure intimate contact with LLZTO and prevent electronic leakage. The Li 9 Al 4 phase enhances interfacial wettability and reduces interfacial resistance between LiF and the metallic matrix, and the Li x Ag alloy enhances Li‐transport within the anode while promoting uniform Li deposition. Consequently, the LAA achieves an ultralow interfacial resistance of 0.6 Ω cm −2 and sustains stable lithium plating/stripping at 0.5 mA cm −2 for over 2000 h. In the LFP|LLZTO|LAA cell, the LAA exhibits excellent durability, retaining 95% of its capacity after 1200 cycles at 1C, while in NCM811|LLZTO|LAA it retains 89% over 500 cycles at 3C. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness gradient composite anode strategy for the practical development of garnet‐based SSBs.

Wearable Sensors In article number e05692, Jae Yeong Park and co-workers develop a stretchable, breathable SB-TENG using PU@TpDq-COF and PVDF-HFP@TPU nanofibers, delivering high electrical output performance with excellent breathability and stretchability. The device functions as a reliable wearable self-powered sensor for athletes' activity monitoring and sign-language interpretation, advancing next-generation human–machine interaction.

Traditional vaccines target specific pathogens, limiting their scope against diverse respiratory threats. We describe an intranasal liposomal formulation combining toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and 7/8 ligands with a model antigen, ovalbumin, that provided broad, durable protection in mice for at least 3 months against infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the vaccine protected mice from other viruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS, SCH014 coronavirus), bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii), and allergens. Protection was mediated by persistent ovalbumin-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells that imprinted alveolar macrophages (AMs), enhancing antigen presentation and antiviral immunity. Following infection, vaccinated mice mounted rapid pathogen-specific T cell and antibody responses and formed ectopic lymphoid structures in the lung. These results reveal a class of "universal vaccines" against diverse respiratory threats.