Ahfad University for Women

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major worldwide issue, affecting 5-10% of pregnancies and causing feto-maternal mortality and morbidity. It includes chronic, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and chronic hypertension with preeclampsia. The underlying pathophysiology includes aberrant placental perfusion, angiogenic imbalance, endothelial dysfunction, and hereditary susceptibility. Women with HDP face a markedly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic renal disease, and metabolic syndrome, with larger connections than those with gestational diabetes. Measures such as early aspirin prophylaxis, lifestyle modifications, and prompt antihypertensive therapy are beneficial, but adherence remains low. Postpartum monitoring is generally underused, despite its importance in reducing future cardiovascular risk. Addressing these gaps is critical for lowering maternal mortality, avoiding recurring problems, and improving health outcomes.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the elements influencing the academic performance of female students at Elengaz Mixed Primary School in Khartoum State, Sudan. To meet the study's objectives, both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized for data collection. Information was gathered from 24 female students and 5 teachers through group discussions. The findings revealed several factors impacting the academic performance of female pupils, including personal, socioeconomic, and school-related factors. The majority of school pupils come from conflict-affected and underdeveloped regions, with their families displaced to the outskirts of Khartoum. Teachers and female students have identified girls' participation in domestic chores as a primary factor contributing to their low academic performance. The frequent absenteeism of female students is viewed as a significant challenge to their educational success, with involvement in household responsibilities and the school environment cited as major causes of this issue. During group discussions, girls expressed that gender discrimination leads to a preference for educating boys over girls. However, all female students expressed a desire to continue their education if provided with the necessary resources. The research found that various complex factors contributed to the underperformance of girls. It suggests that efforts should be made to increase parental awareness, particularly among mothers, regarding the significance of education, as well as to create more supportive and accommodating school environments for girls.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the elements influencing the academic performance of female students at Elengaz Mixed Primary School in Khartoum State, Sudan. To meet the study's objectives, both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized for data collection. Information was gathered from 24 female students and 5 teachers through group discussions. The findings revealed several factors impacting the academic performance of female pupils, including personal, socioeconomic, and school-related factors. The majority of school pupils come from conflict-affected and underdeveloped regions, with their families displaced to the outskirts of Khartoum. Teachers and female students have identified girls' participation in domestic chores as a primary factor contributing to their low academic performance. The frequent absenteeism of female students is viewed as a significant challenge to their educational success, with involvement in household responsibilities and the school environment cited as major causes of this issue. During group discussions, girls expressed that gender discrimination leads to a preference for educating boys over girls. However, all female students expressed a desire to continue their education if provided with the necessary resources. The research found that various complex factors contributed to the underperformance of girls. It suggests that efforts should be made to increase parental awareness, particularly among mothers, regarding the significance of education, as well as to create more supportive and accommodating school environments for girls.

Both absorption and fluorescence spectra are studied and measured for“4(4-HNBS),4-((4-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide”, Which is dissolved in DMF, DMSO, 2-butanol, 2-propanol, 1,4-dioxane, methanol, Ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate when Dissolved in different solvents. Fluorescence and absorption spectra peaks are Calculated and compared. The Solvation or dielectric constant effect is presented by Using the Gáti and Szalay Relationship.

New azo reagent 2-[Benz Thiazol azo]-1 –Dopamine , The reagent was Prepared through a coupled reaction and characterized using spectroscopic methods, including (FTIR) and (UV. –Vis.) is spectroscopy , as well as proton nuclear Magnetic resonance ( HNMR).to verify its chemical identity .This reagent was used to estimate Zinc( II ) ion through the formation of a doubly charged complex, Which was extracted and identified using cloud point extraction(CPE) technique , Optimization conditions and factors affecting is study that effected on extraction Efficiency E%. The measured of spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of at λ max =515 nm for Zn+2 complex . The conditions for complex formation and extraction Using (CPE)technique were studied and optimized , and the optimum pH is found =9 , critical volume the Triton X-100 concentration is at 0.5 mL, heating time is 85 C˚. Thermodynamic study of parameters to CPE are also calculated ,and their values Were as follows ΔH =0. 243874 KJ ,ΔG=-0. 181914134 KJ and ΔS =50.8821 J Indicating that the reaction is endothermic (LOD=6.4486x10-6µg mL-1) and LOQ= 6.4486x10-5µg mL-1 , with( Molar absorptivity Ɛ=286.88L.mol-1,cm-1. The Stoichiometry of the ]Zn+2(BTAD)[ showed that the ratio of M:L obtained are (1:1). at optimum conditions , the analysis 10 mL of sample yielded pre concentration Factor and enrichment factor of (200 and65.92366) respectively, while the Sandal's sensitivity(4.1x10-6 µg cm-2).Standard calibration curve was linearity at Range between 0.05-1ppm, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9933. The RSD% of Repeated measurements by a concentration of determinations at (90) µg 10mL−1 is 74.11%this developed method was applied to estimate Zinc concentration in Different samples and compered whit FAAS for samples and use t-test to compered The results accept Nell hypothesis and this method can be depend at confidence Limit 95%.

The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) involves two major abnormalities: insulin resistance(IR) and impaired insulin secretion, both of which contribute to the inability to regulate blood glucose levels. Adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, plays a role in glucose metabolism and possesses insulin-sensitizing properties. Additionally, adiponectin may play a central role in protecting against atherosclerosis by reducing inflammation, lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress. It has also been reported to increase nitric oxide production in endothelial cells through the activation of nitric oxide synthase. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum adiponectin level with glycemic control and atherogenic lipid profile in Sudanese patients with type 2 DM. This was a case-control study. Patients with type 2 DM (n = 202) and healthy controls (n = 100) were consented and enrolled. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mm Hg), weight (kg), and height (m) were measured, and body mass index (kg/m²) was calculated. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid profile were measured using enzymatic methods. Adiponectin levels were determined using a sandwich ELISA. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the correlation of adiponectin levels with HbA1c and lipid profile parameters. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in patients with type 2 DM compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Adiponectin was inversely correlated with HbA1c (β = −0.200, p = 0.005), total cholesterol (TC) (β = −0.140, p = 0.044), and low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (β = −0.162, p = 0.022), and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (β = 0.160, p = 0.030). No correlation was observed with triglyceride (TG) levels. Patients with type 2 DM also exhibited significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, total cholesterol, and LDL-C levels, along with significantly lower HDL-C levels compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Patients with type 2 DM had decreased serum adiponectin levels. The present study supports that adiponectin levels are associated with glycemic control and an atherogenic lipid profile. Adiponectin can be considered clinically relevant both as a potential dual biomarker and as a therapeutic target for glycemic control and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 DM.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59390.].

BackgroundMedical education is pivotal in shaping healthcare systems globally. In Sudan, the war that erupted on the 15th of April 2023 has imposed significant implications and challenges for medical education in Sudan. The continuity and quality of medical education remains fragile, especially in the face of ongoing armed conflict. This study aims to examine the impact of the Sudanese war on medical students’ educational experiences.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional quantitative survey assessed the impact of the Sudan war on medical students’ education. From April to November 2023, data were collected using a structured, self-administered online questionnaire covering demographics, psychological impact, educational access, satisfaction, wartime considerations, and barriers to education. A total of 245 undergraduate students from medical faculties in Khartoum and Gezira states were recruited through convenience sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H) were used for group comparisons, and weighted means were calculated for key indicators. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe study included 245 medical students, predominantly female (81.6%) and aged 21–23 (59.6%), with the majority enrolled in private institutions. Pharmacy students represented 53.9% of respondents, and most were displaced (93.1%), primarily to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Psychological distress was moderate to high among participants (weighted mean = 3.71 ± 1.11), with symptoms including anxiety, depression, or PTSD. Educational access was severely disrupted (weighted mean = 3.86 ± 1.31), with nearly half reporting very high disruption. While some universities implemented online learning or relocation strategies, many students reported dissatisfaction with these efforts, especially regarding clinical training and faculty interaction (overall satisfaction mean = 1.69 ± 1.66). Students considered various coping strategies, such as seeking scholarships abroad or part-time work. Major barriers to continuing education included psychological impact (49.8%), financial hardship (46.9%), and institutional shortcomings (43.7%). Displaced students outside Sudan faced significantly greater challenges in accessing education (p = 0.047) and reported lower satisfaction with clinical training (p = 0.016), while professor interaction was significantly better among students inside Sudan (p = 0.030).ConclusionThis study elucidates the significant ramifications of armed conflict on the psychological health and educational experiences of medical students in Sudan. Elevated levels of psychological distress and considerable interruptions to both education and clinical training emphasize the pressing necessity for targeted interventions. A collaborative approach that integrates educational institutions, policymakers, and mental health practitioners is essential to enhance student support and guarantee the continuity of education. These efforts are vital to safeguarding the future quality of healthcare in conflict-affected regions.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Eating disorders (EDs) are a group of mental diseases marked by disrupted eating behaviors, and are associated with several factors. Medical students are highly exposed to this mental disorder with a prevalence of 17.35% in 2022. To evaluate the risk of EDs and its associated factors among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in the MENA region during the months of June and July 2024. The primary data collection instrument was a comprehensive questionnaire that contained the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and sociodemographic and clinical features and designed using Google Forms and distributed via social media platforms. The total number of participants was 5061. The mean age in our population was 22.58 ±3.27. Our population's average EAT-26 score was 13.87 ±10.7, with ranges varying from 0 to 72. Based on their EAT-26 scores being 20 or above, 1254 people (24.8%) were deemed to be at risk of EDs. Among the participants, 8% were underweight. The multivariable logistic regression model revealed several eating disorder risk factors such as T1DM, schizophrenia, autism, female gender, IBD, and daily exposure to thin body ideal. Regular sports practice and weight satisfaction were protective factors. There exists a higher prevalence of individuals at risk for the development of EDs in the MENA region especially females, students with comorbidities, and those having conflictual relationships with their parents. Regular sports practice and weight satisfaction are protective factors.