Airbus (India)

The utilisation of composite materials has the potential to play a vital role in the development of lightweight structures for future generations of aircraft, with the objective to reduce emissions. Ultrasonic welding is a process that has been proven to exhibit advantageous qualities, including the capacity to achieve welds with a comparatively short process time. Furthermore, its capacity to function as both a static and a continuous process makes it a viable candidate for facilitating the realisation of this objective. The present study investigates the potential of a novel explicit modelling approach for the static ultrasonic welding process to more accurately represent the welding process by incorporating a more precise representation of the hammering effect. The hammering effect describes the partial loss of contact between the sonotrode and the upper adherend. The model's validation was achieved through a multifaceted approach that incorporates high-speed camera recording, encompassing digital image correlation, laser displacement sensor measurements, and static ultrasonic welding experiments. These experiments encompassed varying welding times, followed by fracture surface analysis. The findings showed that an explicit time-domain model can effectively represent the static welding process of unidirectional materials utilising a film energy director. The experimental validation demonstrated a high degree of correlation between the thermal behaviour of the welding interface and the simulation results. The study demonstrated that the neutral position of the sonotrode exhibited an increase during the initial phase of the welding process due to dynamic stresses. This phenomenon enables reduced constraint movement of the adherends and the energy director, which results in the disconnection of the sonotrode from both the upper adherend and the energy director, as well as the adherends and the anvil. The higher neutral position of the sonotrode was then implemented in an explicit simulation of the static ultrasonic welding process.

The aerospace industry is undergoing a paradigm shift toward data-centric digital continuity, necessitating seamless interoperability between diverse processes and tools. Although previous work has established simplified methodologies to empower Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to create semantic models, this democratization introduces significant risks in terms of data quality and trust. Without a robust validation strategy, decentralized modeling efforts threaten to generate incoherent "semantic silos", undermining the potential value of the ecosystem. To address this challenge, this paper introduces an integrated validation framework designed to secure the entire semantic lifecycle, defined by three key stages: Modeling, Tagging, and Federation. We specifically detail the validation methodologies for the first two stages. For Modeling, we propose a dual approach: a "Live Verification & Validation" (Live V&V) providing proactive, educational guidance during the creation process, and a "Final V&V" serving as a normative quality gate. For Tagging, we present a rigorous criteria-based method (covering Context, Accuracy, and Specificity) to ensure unambiguous alignment with a Common Language based on ISO 81346. The application of this framework is demonstrated through an industrial use case involving the compliance of A350 cabin layout configurations with EASA regulations. Finally, we discuss the necessity of extending this validation logic to the third stage, Federation, and the role of future AI-assisted tooling in scaling trusted semantic ecosystems.

The development of complex aerospace systems for new aircraft programs is increasingly challenged by the need for reduced development lead time and program costs, alongside demands for integration of new technologies, enhanced performance, and capabilities. Traditional sequential design processes often hinder these goals, resulting in suboptimal system designs due to localized optimization efforts and significant schedule disruptions caused by late-stage rework. This paper presents a digital engineering framework designed to overcome these limitations by integrating Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) capabilities, facilitating a concurrent product development paradigm. The framework utilizes a federated architecture where discipline-specific analytical models are developed and managed by respective domain experts but integrated at the program level. Key enablers include distinct MBSE modeling approaches leveraging the Mission-Operational-Functional-Logical-Technical (MOFLT) framework for product definition and the Process-Methods-Tools (PMT) package for analysis workflow specification. A novel ontology-based parameter management system, implemented using a graph database, provides the crucial mechanism for seamless, consistent data exchange between the MBSE environment and the federated MDAO workflows, resolving parameter heterogeneity issues. The proposed integrated approach aims to manage system complexity more effectively, accelerate development cycles, reduce costs associated with rework, enable the pursuit of globally optimized designs, and improve requirements verification and validation through automated, closed-loop data exchange. In this study, these capabilities are applied and demonstrated for a system of systems Co-Architecture design with a coupled analysis of an overall aircraft design model, costing model and industrial & logistics model for development of a notional aircraft using publicly available information.

Purpose This study aims to bridge the gap in leadership theories that view adaptability and opportunity recognition as separate processes. It proposes adapreneurial leadership—a mid-range theoretical construct positioned at the intersection of adaptive systems thinking and entrepreneurial execution—as a response to the strategic leadership challenges faced in digitally volatile and structurally constrained emerging marketing environments. Design/methodology/approach Grounded in dynamic capabilities, complexity leadership and effectuation theory, the study reconceptualises leadership as a systemic design capability, moving beyond conventional behaviour or relationship-based models. To empirically test this conceptualisation, and in recognition of agility’s prevalent operationalisation through quantitative constructs, the study used partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), using data from 232 agile practitioners in the Indian IT sector. Findings The findings reveal that adapreneurial leadership impacts sustainable digital transformation outcomes both directly and indirectly through Agile Transformation Maturity, serving as a mediating variable. This demonstrates the model’s ability to integrate strategic adaptiveness with organisational learning frameworks, thereby enhancing agility. Research limitations/implications This study is cross-sectional and focuses on India’s IT sector. Future scholars should explore longitudinal patterns, validate scales across different geographies and assess the applicability of these scales in industries with high regulatory requirements. Practical implications This study advances the understanding of how leaders and policymakers can shift from motivational leadership to designing agile, opportunity-driven systems that embed flexibility, innovation and strategic responsiveness into organisational architecture. Social implications This study contributes to the discourse on leadership, complexity and digital transformation by establishing adapreneurial leadership as a systemic leadership capability and advancing mid-range theory with entrepreneurial intent, structural adaptability and ecosystem design. Originality/value This study introduces adapreneurial leadership as a mid-range theory, redefining leadership as the ability to design and coordinate complex systems, which enables systemic change in both constricted and turbulent contexts, and makes a key contribution to the theory. It also critiques the existing theories for their linearity and Western-centricity. It proposes an integrated model for a more relevant, empirically validated framework for digitally transforming organisations in emerging market economies.

This article examines the human factor in aviation, focusing on the psychological and physiological aspects of working in high-altitude airports, using Tribhuvan International Airport as a case study. The relevance of the topic stems from increased risks associated with hypoxia, unstable weather conditions, and limited maneuvering space, all of which demand a high level of preparedness and adaptability from aviation personnel. The novelty of the study lies in combining data on physiological changes experienced by pilots and air traffic controllers under high-altitude conditions with psychological strategies aimed at maintaining performance in extreme environments. The paper outlines the specific stressors characteristic of mountainous airfields, explores mechanisms for stress management, and highlights methods for preventing human error. Particular attention is given to identifying current risks and reviewing existing practices designed to enhance overall safety. To achieve these objectives, the study employed comparative and content analysis of scientific sources, along with generalization and synthesis of the collected data. The conclusions presented offer insights for aviation professionals seeking to better understand the interplay of physiological and psychological factors in high-altitude conditions. This article is intended to be of value to researchers, airline managers, and aviation training centers.

“Model Philosophy”, the commonly accepted methodology for the levels of reliability of space missions, minimizes risks with a staged development schedule of sequential prototypes that mimic different and crucial aspects of the design. Depending on the mission objective, the classical flow of Bread Board, Engineering, Qualification, and Flight models, may vary. In this work, we introduce the magnetic model, representative of magnetic moment, as a key property in scientific missions such as the ESA'Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer. The approach intends to minimize the magnetic momentum of the complex Power Control and Distribution Unit (PCDU) at the early stages of the project, to avoid test non-compliance or the need of critical changes in the late stages. We calculate the PCDU magnetic moment based on the properties and distribution of the numerous individual components, between -50 and 50°C, and we determine magnetic moment experimentally, which we use to validate the model.

This study aims to improve students' learning discipline in the Qur'an Hadith subject through the implementation of the Cooperative Learning learning model. This study is a classroom action research that uses four steps, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 25 students of class VII MTs Babussalam Lanci 1 Dompu, as well as the Qur'an Hadith subject teacher who acted as a facilitator in the learning process. The data for this study were obtained using test and observation techniques. Tests are used to measure student learning outcomes, while observations are used to analyze teacher and student learning activities during the implementation of the Cooperative Learning learning model. The data analysis techniques used in this study are qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis, which aims to see the development of student discipline before and after the implementation of the learning model. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the Cooperative Learning learning model was able to significantly improve student learning discipline. In the first cycle, student learning discipline began to show improvement, but there were still some obstacles in student active participation. After improvements were made in the second cycle, student discipline increased significantly with more students actively participating, completing assignments on time, and showing responsibility in learning. Thus, the use of the Cooperative Learning learning model can be used as an effective learning strategy in improving students' learning discipline in the Qur'an Hadith subject. This model not only increases student involvement in learning, but also helps them develop cooperation skills and responsibility in the learning process.

Abstract The increasing intensity and frequency of high-temperature extreme events due to climate change negatively affects aircraft takeoff performances. Warmer near-surface air temperatures result in lower aircraft lift and engine thrust, thereby reducing the aircraft’s weight-lifting capacity at takeoff. This study evaluates the potential impact of the future changes in high-temperature extremes on the aircraft’s Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) at the airports in the Euro-Mediterranean region —a climate change hotspot. Major, regional and small airports are considered. First, the evolution of high-temperature extremes at the airports is assessed using climate observations for the baseline period 1961-1990, and future climate projections under the most severe climate change scenario RCP8.5 for the periods 2021-2050 (near-term future) and 2041-2071 (medium-term future). Simulations from both Regional and Global Climate Models (RCMs and GCMs) belonging to the Euro-CORDEX and CMIP5 frameworks, respectively, are considered in a Multi-Model Ensemble approach. Second, the MTOW is obtained by combining the climate data with aircraft technical data and applying an empirical law from the aeronautical sector, which relates the MTOW to the ambient temperature. The induced changes in MTOWare estimated for widebody, narrow-body and small regional aircrafts, widely used in global commercial aviation. Results indicate that most of Euro-Mediterranean airports could experience a decrease in MTOW, as early as the next three decades, at least for one aircraft type. For wide-bodies and narrow-bodies, these reductions are of the order of tons, according to the MME means of the RCMs and the GCMs: up to 7 tons in the near term and up to 11 tons in the medium term. Regional aircrafts would experience MTOW reductions of hundreds of kgs. This could have a socio-economic impact, either from possible weight restrictions, flight delays or cancellations. The results of this study could guide the design of adaptation strategies at the European level, aimed at building a climate change-resilient aviation network and ensuring that European aviation will be prepared for future extreme heat events.