Al Mamon University College

The increasing demand of a wireless s connection and spectrum space has introduced CRNs into the vocabulary of energy-efficient communication. The article presents a unified dynamic spectrum management system in CR networks to support adaptive sensing, utility-based access, real-time power management and predictive channel allocation. Unlike the current schemes which have been based on modular component-level optimization, the current architecture emphasizes on cross-layer design to realize greater energy efficiency, less cross-layer interference, and more reliable networks overall deployment environments. Adaptive sensing module allows the nodes to adjust their detection threshold according to the variance of noise and signal-to-noise ratio and as such the node consumes less energy but retains spectral awareness. The utility function controlling the spectrum access mechanism takes into consideration the energy of the node, the latency of the node and the history of transmission in order to provide a fair and effective allocation of resources. A dynamic power control model is used to set the levels of power to attain desired SNRs and to eliminate interference. Moreover, ARIMA-GRU integrated predictor is aimed at forecasting channel availability and prevent overlapping sensing slots. Experimental outcomes on urban, rural, industrial, and mixed-network deployment conditions prove the enhancements of energy saving, throughput and lifetime of the network. The system is highly robust in different environments and is a scaled and workable solution to CRNs. Such outcomes will enhance self-sustaining wireless systems that can work in a spectrum limited and power constrained environment.

The article addresses the linkage between sustainable branding and experiential marketing and how they can be utilized to influence brand equity in consumers today. Even though the previous studies have isolated the strategies separately, there has been minimal empirical evidence to indicate the integration of the strategies and how they will impact on the loyalty, advocacy and the brand trust. The research design will be mixed research design; that is, the researcher will utilize both survey research data (1,200 consumers) and 25 in-depth interviews to determine the independent and interactive impact. Hierarchy regression and interaction models reveal that the effects of sustainability practices and experiential marketing on the brand equity are positive; more so, a combination of the two has a significant impact as compared to each of the two. The final customer loyalty, Net Promoter Scores, and trust was achieved through sustainable brands as a part of the immersive consumer experiences. The further expectations of qualitative sentiment analysis are that experiential interfaces can render sustainability initiatives more legitimate and emotionally connected, and the level of skepticism is not so high concerning greenwashing. The study will be an addition to the theory of brand equity as well as the existing sustainability and experiential marketing theories because it empirically models the connection between sustainable branding and experiential engagement. The findings make a recommendation to managers who would wish to establish long term brand equity in the responsible and touchable market through integrating sustainability commitments in the meaningful customer experience.

Critical thinking skills are essential competencies in the digital era, particularly in constructing evidence-based arguments. This study aims to analyze the transformation of students’ critical thinking skills through the implementation of an inquiry-based approach in argumentative essay writing. This qualitative research, employing a case study design, was conducted at MA Al Fatah. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers and 12th-grade science students, and document analysis of students’ essay drafts. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, with technical triangulation to ensure the validity of findings. The results indicate that the inquiry approach significantly shifts the students’ role from passive information recipients to independent researchers. The exploration phase, utilizing driving questions, successfully reduced writer’s block, while the investigation phase enhanced students’ information literacy in verifying authentic data sources. The pinnacle of cognitive transformation was observed in the students' ability to construct coherent logical flows and present counter-arguments objectively. The average student evaluation scores, ranging from 87 to 90, confirm the effectiveness of this method. This study concludes that the inquiry method not only improves writing quality but also strengthens students’ independent thinking and metacognitive awareness, which are crucial for higher education.

Environmental leadership and policy negotiation demand the capacity to process emotions, build consensus and negotiate complex stakeholder dynamics. Building on the framework of the Emotional Intelligence (EI), this study analyzes the influence of EI on leadership effectiveness in environmental governance within the context of stakeholder engagement, conflict resolution and policy success. Utilizing a mixed-methods multi-phased approach, the study combines survey analysis, case studies, regression modeling, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the relationship between EI competencies and leadership outcomes. This is particularly insightful for philanthropy and development practitioners, not only because leaders with high EI perform better, especially in stakeholder trust-building, decision-making and policy adoption, but also because these leaders reach better governance outcomes. For EI dimensions Social Skills was the most significant predictor of leadership effectiveness followed closely by Empathy and Emotional Regulation. The article showed that high EI competencies were linked with fewer delays, higher stakeholder satisfaction and better implementation of policies. This study provides practical insight into the value of EI development in leadership training programs to improve collaboration and resilience within environmental decision-making. Additionally, it suggests the need for more research on the long-term effects of EI training, variability of leadership effectiveness across cultures and EI's intersection with emerging technologies in governance. Through its endorsement of the need for emotionally intelligent leadership, this study extends comprehension of the ways in which interpersonal skills affect sustainable environmental policy outcomes. This is particularly insightful for philanthropy and development practitioners, not only because leaders with high EI perform better, especially in stakeholder trust-building, decision-making and policy adoption, but also because these leaders reach better governance outcomes. For EI dimensions Social Skills was the most significant predictor of leadership effectiveness followed closely by Empathy and Emotional Regulation. The article showed that high EI competencies were linked with fewer delays, higher stakeholder satisfaction and better implementation of policies. This study provides practical insight into the value of EI development in leadership training programs to improve collaboration and resilience within environmental decision-making. Additionally, it suggests the need for more research on the long-term effects of EI training, variability of leadership effectiveness across cultures and EI's intersection with emerging technologies in governance. Through its endorsement of the need for emotionally intelligent leadership, this study extends comprehension of the ways in which interpersonal skills affect sustainable environmental policy outcomes.