Almex (Netherlands)

Abstract Acidizing treatments in carbonates often result in significant skin decrease due to high reactivity of the formation with acids. Noticeable production increase or inability to run analysis tools after the treatment may lead to the conclusion that the matrix acidizing job was performed efficiently, when, in fact, the job was not optimized in terms of fluid volumes, acid types, wellbore coverage, and pumping rates. As a result, the final skin is not as low as it could be, and, most importantly, medium - and long-term post-acidizing production decline is faster than it could be with an optimized treatment. To overcome these concerns, an integrated approach to acidizing treatments was implemented for different oil fields in Kazakhstan. The integrated approach consists of comprehensive laboratory testing, which includes core flow tests with subsequent 3D computer tomography scanning. The tests help to determine wormholing regimes and channel geometry while providing calibration points for acid-rock interaction curves. These coefficients are used in the acidizing modeling software, which enables optimization of fluid volumes, pumping rates, and diversion strategy. The approach suggests the use of a single-phase retarded acid system is the most effective method of keeping the treatment in the dominant wormhole regime, especially at elevated temperature. The integrated approach loop is closed by the analysis of the distributed temperature sensor data to calibrate the efficiency of diversion and reservoir injectivity profile. The approach was introduced for different oil fields in Kazakhstan, with a variety of conditions: depths up to 5000 m and temperatures up to 145°C. The approach helped to optimize acid volumes by as much as 44% to achieve an optimum skin. In the mid-term perspective, this approach helped to reduce the production decline rate by at least 20%, and ongoing post-treatment analysis is even more promising.

Summary Reliable 3D modeling is recommended at all E&D stages in order to predict static and dynamic properties of reservoirs for full commitment. During early exploration fracture density modeling is complicated, which is critical for determination of reservoir properties and dynamic coherence. These parameters have severe effect on selection of options for future development. Also, fracture density has underexplored distribution uncertainty and often has insufficient data. Herein we will review various approaches to fracture modeling in Petrel, features of FMI (Azimuth Electric Micro Imager). Also results of DFN (Discrete Fracture Model) will be discussed based on well data, FMI, and PLT survey results.

Six Medieval Men and Women. By H. S. Bennett. Cambridge University Press, 1955. x + 177 pp. 15/— net. Nottingham, Mediaeval Studies. Edited by Lewis Thorpe. Vol. I, 1957. Printed for the University of Nottingham by W. Heffer & Sons Ltd., Cambridge. 89 pages. Price 15s. University of Nottingham Renaissance and Modern Studies. Edited by V. De S. Pinto. Volume I, 1957. Published by Sisson and Parker, Ltd., for the University of Nottingham. 179 pages. Price 12s. 6d. Shakespeare's Use of Music: A Study of the Music and its Performance in the Original Production of Seven Comedies. By John H. Long. University of Florida Press, Gainsville, 1955. pp. xv + 213. Cloth $ 5.50; paper $ 4.75. William Shakespeare. Von Karl Brunner. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. 1957. viii + 232 pp. DM. 15.—. Naar Het Hem Leek ... Een Inleiding tot Shakespeare in Vijf Brieven. Door A. G. H. Bachrach. (Ooievaar 62.) Den Haag: Bert Bakker/Daamen N.V. Antwerpen: De Sikkel. 1957. 272 pp. Fl. 1.45. Anthology of American Verse. Selected and Edited with Notes by H. LÄdeke. Bern: A. Francke AG. 1957. 123 pp. 5.80 S.Fr. Over the Carnage Rose Prophetic a Voice: The American Civil War in Prose and Verse. By Walt Whitman. Edited, with an Introduction, by Oakleigh Ross Bush. Bussum, The Netherlands: Paul Brand, Ltd. 164 pp. Price fl. 2.95. Lectures on Some Modern Poets. By Members of the Department of English, Carnegie Institute of English, Carnegie Institute of Technology. Carnegie Series in English, Number Two. Pittsburgh, Carnegie Press, 1955. 90 p. All the King's Men: A Symposium. By Members of the Department of English, Carnegie Institute of English, Carnegie Institute of Technology. Carnegie Series in English, Number Three. Pittsburgh, Carnegie Press, 1957. 90 p. $1.00 each. A Middte English Metrical Paraphrase of the Old Testament. II. Edited by Urban Ohlander. ( Gothenburg Studies in English V. ) Stockholm, 1955. 112 pp. (Sw. Kr. 12,—). Nottingham Mediaeval Studies. Edited by Lewis Thorpe. Vol. II, 1958. 131 pp. Printed for the University of Nottingham by W. Heffer & Sons Ltd., Cambridge. Price 15/— post free.