Altai Scientific Research Institute of Machine Building Technology

This article reflects the results of the bonification of the horns of three marals farms "OS Novotalitskoye" during the pantorez campaign. The results for a number of years in terms of productivity are presented, and the characteristics of marals by class are given. The results of the implementation of the plan and upcoming events are summarized.

The research was carried out to assess the potential for improving the yield of soft spring wheat, oats, and sunflower on chestnut soils of the dry steppe in the south of West Siberia to increase the arable land productivity. The study was conducted in 2016–2023 in a long-term stationary field trial in the West Kulunda subzone territory of Altai krai. The experimental design provided for a comparative study of the effectiveness of field crop rotations in the conditions of different saturation with wheat and sunflower against unfertilized and fertilized (N30) backgrounds. On chestnut soils of the dry steppe, the effect of nitrogen fertilizers was determining in changing the yield of wheat on bare fallow (factor contribution 87.4%), strong in changing the yield of oats (68.2%) and sunflower (57.5%), significant in changing the yield of wheat on nonfallow predecessors (36.8%), and appreciable in arable land productivity (24.2%). The effect of crop rotation was determining (74.2%) in changing arable land productivity, strong in the yield of wheat on nonfallow predecessors (62.5%), significant in the sunflower and oat yield (41.4 and 31.5%, respectively), and weak in the yield of wheat after fallow (11.7%). The most favorable conditions for wheat and sunflower were formed for wheat on fallow predecessors when placed after oat; that for oat was after wheat in cereal—fallow-row crop crop-rotations with one sunflower field. The trial minimum productivity of arable land was in crop rotations without sunflower (460…570 gr. un./ha). With a sunflower proportion of 16.7…25%, this value increased in relation to cereal–fallow crop rotation and continuous wheat by 160…280 gr. un./ha (28.1…60.9%) and that with 50% was by 310…420 gr. un./ha (54.4…91.3%). Application of nitrogen fertilizers under crops of cereal–fallow-row crop and cereal–row crop crop-rotations ensured an increase in arable land productivity by 150…250 gr. un./ha (20.5…28.4%) in relation to unfertilized background with payback of 1 kg of nitrogen up to 8.33 gr. un.

The results of the use of DIABAX feed additive alone and in combination with a biogenic stimulant for the correction of biochemical, hematological blood parameters in young cattle after gastrointestinal infections taking into account the disease and survival rates, as well as their performance indicators are presented. Three groups of calves at the age of less than 30 days old, two test groups and one control group, were formed for analogous pairs-based trial. Calves of control group were subcutaneously injected with saline solution at a dose of 8 mL on day 1, 5, 10 of the trial; calves of test group 1 (О-1) were fed with DIABAX feed additive with milk at a dose of 3.0 mL once a day; calves of test group 2 (О-2) were intramuscularly injected with the biogenic stimulant at a dose of 0.5 mL/10 kg of body weight on day 1, 5, 10 of the trial and also received DIABAX at a dose of 3.0 mL once a day during 15 days. The tests showed that co-administration of the biogenic stimulant and DIABAX feed additive (in О-2 group) contributed to 100% survival rate in calves, as well as significant increase in calcium and magnesium levels in animal sera by 14.5–23.8% and 61.2–79.5%, respectively, as compared with the initial levels and the levels in control group; increase in albumin and α-globulin protein fraction concentrations by 10.1% and 43.2% (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, albumin/globulin ratio – by 17.5%, color index – by 1.1%, increase in the total immunoglobulin G amount by 2.7 times as compared to the initial values. Daily administration of DIABAX feed additive to calves of О-1 group for 15 days reduced recurrent disease rate in the calves by 14.4%, resulted in significant increase in calcium and magnesium levels in sera by 10.1% and 75.0% (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, as well increase in immunoglobulin G level by 2.3 times, erythrocyte level – by 3.8%, hemoglobin level – by 8.0%, leukocyte level – by 21.8%, albumin/globulin ratio – by 35.1% in sera as compared to initial values.

A large number of papers have explored the use of phytobiotics in the diet of farm animals and poultry in recent years. This study area is much addressed, since vegetable feed additives can be an alternative to feed antibiotics. They have a pronounced growth-stimulating and immune-modulating effect on the body of young birds, and are essential for manufacturing organic products of animal origin. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of water-ethanol extracts of sarepta mustard on chicken meat performance, and the effect of mountain ash extracts on egg performance of laying hens. A scientific and economic experiment was performed, where broilers from the experimental groups received the sarepta mustard extract at doses of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 mg/kg of feed, and laying hens received the mountain ash extract at doses of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mg/kg of body weight. It was found that the optimal dose of the sarepta mustard extract for broiler chickens was 70 mg/kg of feed. The average daily weight gain exceeded the control indicators by 3.0%, and the European production efficiency factor and the Russian production efficiency factor for chicken meat by 33.2 and 7.2 units, respectively. For laying hens, the optimal dose of the mountain ash extract attained 70 mg/kg of body weight. It increased the egg production rates for the hen housed and middle hen by 12.2 and 10.4%, respectively, compared to the control, and exceeded that of the European egg production index and the Russian egg production factor for laying hens by 1.53 and 10.34 units, respectively.

The long-toed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz is one of the few invertebrates of freshwater reservoirs of the Altai Territory, representing a promising object of fishing. This paper provides an overview of changes in the state of cancer populations in commercial reservoirs of the Altai Territory in the period 2010-2021. The analysis of the dynamics of the main parameters reflecting the quantitative characteristics of cancer populations was carried out. The trend of decline in commercial stocks of cancer is traced, the dynamics of production (catch) of cancer by organized fishing is presented. The characteristic of the main causes of changes in commercial stocks of cancer, both natural and anthropogenic significance, is given.

Gestosis develops when the adaptive systems of the cow body is unable to create the necessary conditions for the developing fetus. The research goal is to reveal the relationship between the biochemical, hormonal and immune indices and the incidence of postpartum complications in cows. The studies were carried out in 2019 in the Black-Pied herd; 104 cows 60-10 days before calving were studied. The trial group consisted of 43 cows with postpartum complications (postpartum endometritis, retained placenta and parturient paresis); the control group consisted of 61 cows with a physiological course of calving and the postpartum period. There is a strong inverse statistically significant relationship between the concentration of estradiol in blood serum 15 days before calving and retained placenta cases (rs=-0.75; ?<0.05). A close inverse statistically significant relationship was found between the progesterone concentration in cows 15 days before calving and retained placenta cases (rs=-0.72; ?<0.05). The concentration of HDL-cholesterol is strongly negatively associated with the occurrence of parturient paresis (rs=-0.97; ?<0.01). Regarding the levels of alkaline and placental-like alkaline phosphatase in blood serum of cows 45 days before calving, a close direct relationship was found with retained placenta cases (rs=0.67; ?<0.05 and rs=0.88; ?<0.01). A strong positive, statistically significant relationship was found between the value of the neutrophil functional reserve and the cases of postpartum pathologies as retained placenta (rs=0.76; 0.83) and endometritis (rs=0.69; 0.79).

The study of water-holding capacity in sea buckthorn green cuttings, as well as their ability to restore water content, has been carried out to improve nursery technological methods. In order to establish possible variety specifics, the varieties that significantly differ not only in their ability to rhizogenesis, but also in a range of biological features, have been used in the experiment. It has been found that the Essel variety has the maximum level of water-holding capacity (the water loss after 24 h of drying is 20.6%), while the minimum level was observed for the Augustina variety with an average water loss of 26.4%. A high dependence of water content restoring on water-holding capacity of green cuttings was revealed. In this regard, the Essel variety was characterized by maximum turgor-restore ability, reaching an average of 98.3% over the years of research after 48 h of saturation, while the Augustina variety had minimal values: 74.3%. The variety specifics and year particularities have the maximum level of influence on green cuttings’ water mode characteristics within the range of investigated factors (rhizogenesis stimulator, varieties, and year conditions). For water-holding capacity, the level of variety factor influence was 40.9%, while the year factor influence was 31.0%; for water restore ability after 48 h of saturation, the influence of these factors was 40.5 and 28.8% respectively. Direct influence of water mode peculiarities on rhizogenesis processes have not been revealed; however, the studied features should be taken into account in the range of criteria that provide successful rooting of several sea buckthorn varieties, in particular, the Augustina variety. No correlations between investigated water mode features and biological characteristics of the investigated varieties have been found.