Altai State Agricultural University

The article examines and proposes an automated method for determining the structure and yield of sunflower, which allows predicting yields and offering recommendations for optimizing the placement of crops depending on the potential of fields. The main objectives of the study included the development and implementation of innovative steppe agriculture aimed at ensuring the productivity of agricultural lands in accordance with their biopotential. The technology of differentiated seed sowing and mineral fertilizer application was tested for 3 years (from 2022 to 2024) on experimental fields in two farms of the Altai Territory using different tillage systems (classical flat-cutting and No-till system). The farms are located in the Prialeiskaya soil-climatic zone. It has been established that one of the main indicators determining the level of soil fertility diversity is the spatial differentiation of the humus content and basic nutrition elements. Algorithms for the allocation of soil fertility zones subject to differentiation of seed and mineral fertilizer rates have been developed with regional specificity. In the farm working under the No-till system, there is a higher organic matter content of the experimental field (4.0%). At classical flat-cuting tillage the humus content is noted at the level of 3.5%. It has been found that the higher the humus content, the higher the level of soil fertility. Automated methods of recognizing and counting the number of sunflower sprouts, as well as building the maps of weed vegetation using RGB images of ultra-high spatial resolution obtained by an unmanned aerial vehicle have been proposed and investigated. It has been identified that when choosing rational ratios of the seeding rate and fertilizer application doses by zones of soil fertility of the field, their joint influence on the field germination of plants and the number of sprouts obtained should be taken into account.

Introduction. Evaluation of wheat seed quality is an integral part of the technological process of its production since it increases the yield. The yield is affected by many different factors. The evaluation methods are constantly being improved taking into account new factors, physical methods and technical means. Currently seeds and crops sowing quality intelligent evaluation methods are developing very rapidly. The electrophysical method allows evaluating the soil influence on seeds by the variable potential. Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at examining changes in the variable potential of wheat seeds of a known crop yields during seed swelling in solutions with different potassium and sodium ratios and creating a convolutional neural network to estimate potential crop yields through the variable potential and known potassium and sodium ratios. Materials and Methods. The studies were carried out using seeds of two varieties of spring wheat with different yields. To simulate soil quality, there were used solutions with diffe­rent potassium chloride and sodium chloride ratios. The variable potential was measured using a device based on the data acquisition board LA50-USB. The yield was estimated using wavelet transform and deep convolutional neural network with ResNet groups. Results. There have been developed the experimental graphs of the variable potential change depending on the potassium and sodium ratio in a solution simulating soil quality. The neural network was used to classify the potential yield of wheat seeds through wavelet transforms of the variable potential, and potassium and sodium ratios. There has been compiled a table of neural network responses to test variable potentials. Discussion and Conclusion. The developed graphs of the variable potential change depending on potassium change in the external environment were compared with the results of studies by other authors. The results qualitatively coincide. The developed neural network can classify the potential yield of wheat seeds through the variable potential, and potassium and sodium ratios. The conducted study is useful for agricultural enterprises and farmers. The proposed methodology for assessing potential crop yields through variable potential and water extract will allow optimizing the process of potassium application to the soil.

For the study, researchers selected reinforcing material, along with effective strengthening methods for the knives. These knives were intended to replace similar imported parts from MWS (Germany) on combines produced by Rostselmash plant LLC. During the study, the causes of the dispersion of blanks, wear in real operating conditions were determined, methods for optimizing charge materials for obtaining hardening coatings were described, material science studies of coatings containing wear resistance modifiers (B4C, WC). As an import-substituting material for strengthening coatings, completely similar in properties to the German one, a mechanical mixture of powders from nickel-based alloys of the PG-CP2, 3, 4 type with grinding powders of normal electrocorundum grades 14A, 13A with a grain size of 40-160 microns can be used. Induction surfacing of hard alloys (charges), at high frequencies (40-100, 150-220 kHz), using transistor inverter generators with a power of 100 kW and above, was used as a modern method of hardening knives, and laser surfacing (for blanks made of 65G steel) or laser thermal hardening (for blanks made of steel 6HV2S). The data demonstrating the effectiveness of induction surfacing to reduce knife wear are presented.

Abstract—Improving the energy efficiency of such electrotechnological processes as the electroosmotic dehydration and electroplasmolysis of forage grasses is closely related to an increase in the technological component of the current and a decrease in its thermal component, which is a relevant scientific and technical problem. In the mentioned electrotechnological processes, the plant material is an element of an electrical circuit and its electrophysical properties can be reasonably simulated with an electrical equivalent substitution circuit. The goal of this study is to provide an experimental confirmation for the hypothesis about the existence of an asymmetric nonlinear voltage–current characteristic for the stem wall of forage grasses. The basic provisions from the theories of electrical engineering, electrochemistry, biophysics, electrical measurements, experiment design, and statistical methods for the processing of measurement results are used. Analysis of the obtained polarization characteristics makes it possible to state that the stem wall of forage grasses has an asymmetric nonlinear polarization (voltage–current) characteristic and is a constant EMF source, the outer surface of which is positively charged, and the inner surface of which carries a negative charge. The difference of the potentials is 0.5–0.7 V (bromegrass with a humidity of 80%). The rectifying properties of the stem wall are weakened with increasing frequency of electromagnetic oscillations. For instance, at a frequency of 180 Hz, the rectification factor is 0.5. The shape of the polarization characteristic makes it possible to conclude that the current- and moisture-transfer rate is controlled by the inner potential barrier (the stem wall itself), when the “forward” current crosses the stem wall in the direction from its inner to outer surface. The moisture-transfer rate is controlled by the boundary potential barrier (an interface between two phases or a double electrical layer), when the current passes through the stem wall in the “backwards” direction from its outer to inner surface. Therefore, the mentioned potential barrier proves to be shifted towards the outer surface of the stem wall, causing the nonideal so-called valve effect. The established regularities provide a basis for the synthesis of an electrical equivalent substitution circuit for the stem wall and the substantiation of ways to increase the technological component of the current and decrease its thermal effect.

Field tests of hardened A-hoe blades coated according to six versions have been carried out. The blades were placed on a tillage unit, which treated 400 ha of medium loamy sandy soil, and the load per blade was 12.5 ha. The A-hoe blades are hardened with a borating charge with subsequent HFC melting and bulk quenching and without it. The results of wear tests are presented. The best version for hardening the cultivator A-hoe blades is shown.

"Stop stunting" is the central focus of the national Indonesian campaign to improve child health. We provide an autoethnographic statement on the currently practiced strategy that commits 23 ministries and an estimated $3.9 billion per year to coordinating nutrition interventions that are supposed to address the underlying causes of stunting. We visited six community health posts (posyandus) in West Timor and in Java and participated in routine child health examinations. We documented our impressions and discussed them with Indonesian colleagues, health officials, and local physicians. Routine health checks for children include anthropometry (height, weight, head, and mid-upper arm circumference), immunizations, and documentation in the children's health records. The examinations do not include a physical examination, vision and hearing tests of the child, health questionnaires, or information on nutrition. No specific information or recommendations are given to the mothers. Stunting is highly prevalent in Indonesia and "Stop-stunting" campaigns have become a national issue. Yet, their impact is disillusioning. Stunting is associated with a way of life that differs from that in developed Western countries today and was prevalent in feudal and other nondemocratic societies. We do not want to throw away policies that try to improve growth in children, but instead of spending money for dubious interventions as we have encountered in Indonesia, we rather suggest spending thoughts on the political and emotional causes of poor growth in otherwise healthy Indonesian children.

Field screening of varieties/genotypes against mite infesting okra revealed that the lowest mite population was observed on GAO-5 (0.70 mites/2 cm2), while highest mite population was found in Pusa sawani (7.48 mites/2 cm2). From the categorization, it can be revealed that GAO-5 (0.70 mites/2 cm2) was found highly resistant to mite population while, GO-2 found resistant to the mites. Conversely, JOL- 14-10 (6.06 mites/2 cm2), Pusa sawani (7.48 mites/2 cm2) and JOL-20-5 (6.31 mites/2 cm2) are susceptible.

In the present era, assumptions on tugai forests consist of a complex floodplain ecosystem (reed-cattail thickets, gallery forests, halophytic shrubs, and grass biocenoses) of various ecological levels located from the water’s edge to the upper floodplains and riverine shafts. Anthropogenic transformations disrupted the natural dynamics of the tugai ecosystem. The presented study sought to characterize the current state of tugai forests in different regions of Kazakhstan to conduct monitoring of forest entomology and determine the reforestation potential of tugai plants in the floodplains of the Syr Darya and Ili rivers of Kazakhstan. The recent work focused on vital aspects associated with reinstating tugai forests. Special monitoring of forest pests progressed for the timely detection of their reproduction bulk, foci development, and plan extinction measures. The forest entomology monitoring results revealed the destruction of plants due to leaf-gnawing and gall-forming insect pests. A laid out 27 test areas investigated the dynamics of the undergrowth in tugai forests. The reproductive capacity of the plants, viz., Populus diversifolia, Elaeágnus angustifólia, Sálix acutifólia, and Salix wilhelmsiana, attained evaluation. Natural renaissance under the main forest-forming rocks’ characterization in tugai plantations was good.

Работа поддержана Грантом Губернатора Алтайского края в форме субсидий для разработки качественно новых технологий, создания инновационных продуктов и услуг в сферах переработки и производства пищевых продуктов, фармацевтического производства и биотехнологий (СОГЛАШЕНИЕ от 20.04.2023 № 3).