Animal Hospital Postojna

V prispevku avtor analizira ikonografijo vanitas in memento mori v izdajah emblemske knjige Andree Alciatija Emblematum Liber. Osnovo pregledanega fonda predstavljajo temeljne latinske izdaje Alciatija (Augsburg 1531, Pariz 1534, Benetke 1546, Lyon 1547, Lyon 1551, Frankfurt 1567, Antwerpen 1577, Pariz 1583, Padova 1621), vendar se nezanemarljiva odstopanja v vsebini emblemov pojavljajo tudi v drugih dostopnih izdajah 16. in 17. stoletja (Pariz 1536, Pariz 1539, Pariz 1542, Lyon 1549, Lyon 1551, Lyon 1556, Frankfurt ob Majni 1566/67, Pariz 1584, Najera 1615, Ženeva/Köln 1615). Motivika minljivosti je v Alciatijevih emblemih spretno prepletena z motiviko ljubezni in prijateljstva, kar ob Alciatijevem črpanju navdiha iz grške in rimske antike v duhu renesančnega humanizma omogoča ustvarjanje izvirnih ikonografskih motivov in interpretacij. V slednjih je prav jukstapozicija motivike smrti in ljubezni izhodišče za oblikovanje novih vsebin v ikonografiji minljivosti. Prav emblemske knjige se zaradi moralno-didaktične in mestoma satirične naravnanosti zgodnjenovoveških emblemov izkažejo kot eden od ključnih medijev za razvoj in posredovanje tovrstnih vsebin. Prispevek poskuša na primeru ikonološke analize petih emblemov (Tumulus meretricis, Senex pulleam amans, De Morte & Amore, In Formosam fato praeraptam ter In mortem praeraptam) osvetliti slabo raziskano Alciatijevo inovativno interpretacijo in nadgradnjo motivike minljivosti. Ta je zaradi kombiniranja ustaljenih visokosrednjeveških makabrističnih ikonografskih motivov z alegorično govorico zgodnjenovoveških emblemov prežeta z motivi, ki se pred Alciatijevo knjigo niso mogli razviti.

This work summarizes our research on synthesis, characterization and toxicity of selected UV-A filters and their antioxidant shield in commercial formulation - resveratrol. Benzophenone type of UV filters react under disinfection conditions with chlorine and form different mono- and dichlorinated products, while dibenzoylmethane derivatives, such as avobenzone, react with chlorine and form two main bridge chlorinated products followed by numerous chlorinated species at the advanced stages of the process. Resveratrol showed three main susceptible centers to chlorination, starting from the electrophilic addition to the double bond and continuing with the chlorination of the phenolic moieties. Several experiments conducted under different disinfection conditions (pool/sea water, addition of salts, irradiation) showed basically similar chlorination patters with some variations in terms of product formation. The results of toxicity assessment using different test organisms (Vibrio fischeri, microalgae, daphnids) have shown different sensitivity of testing organisms to the parent UV filters in comparison with chlorinated products as well as different toxicity for specific UV filter in comparison to the others. As the closing loop of all experiments in the laboratory, an up-scaling to the real human skin is presented.

Abstract Adaptation to life in caves is often accompanied by dramatically convergent changes across distantly related taxa, epitomized by the loss or reduction of eyes and pigmentation. Nevertheless, the genomic underpinnings underlying the evolution of cave-related phenotypes are largely unexplored. We investigated genome-wide gene evolutionary dynamics in three distantly related beetle tribes with at least six instances of independent colonization of subterranean habitats, inhabiting both aquatic and terrestrial underground systems. Our results indicate that remarkable genomic changes mainly driven by gene family expansions occurred prior to underground colonization in the three tribes, suggesting that genomic exaptation may have facilitated a strict subterranean lifestyle parallelly across beetle lineages. The three tribes experienced both parallel and convergent changes in the evolutionary dynamics of their gene repertoires. These findings pave the way towards a deeper understanding of the genomic toolkit of hypogean fauna from a macroevolutionary perspective.

Palearctic vipers are medically significant snakes in the genera Daboia, Macrovipera, Montivipera, and Vipera which occur throughout Europe, Central Asia, Near and Middle East. While the ancestral condition is that of a small-bodied, lowland species, extensive diversification has occurred in body size, and niche specialization. Using 27 venom samples and a panel of in vitro coagulation assays, we evaluated the relative coagulotoxic potency of Palearctic viper venoms and compared their neutralization by three antivenoms (Insoserp Europe, VIPERFAV and ViperaTAb) and two metalloprotease inhibitors (prinomastat and DMPS). We show that variation in morphology parallels variation in the Factor X activating procoagulant toxicity, with the three convergent evolutions of larger body sizes (Daboia genus, Macrovipera genus, and Vipera ammodytes uniquely within the Vipera genus) were each accompanied by a significant increase in procoagulant potency. In contrast, the two convergent evolutions of high altitude specialization (the Montivipera genus and Vipera latastei uniquely within the Vipera genus) were each accompanied by a shift away from procoagulant action, with the Montivipera species being particularly potently anticoagulant. Inoserp Europe and VIPERFAV antivenoms were both effective against a broad range of Vipera species, with Inoserp able to neutralize additional species relative to VIPERFAV, reflective of its more complex antivenom immunization mixture. In contrast, ViperaTAb was extremely potent in neutralizing V. berus but, reflective of this being a monovalent antivenom, it was not effective against other Vipera species. The enzyme inhibitor prinomastat efficiently neutralized the metalloprotease-driven Factor X activation of the procoagulant venoms. In contrast, DMPS (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid), which as been suggested as another potential treatment option in the absence of antivenom, DMPS failed against all venoms tested. Overall, our results highlight the evolutionary variations within Palearctic vipers and help to inform clinical management of viper envenomation.

A produo e consumo de drogas sintticas conhecidas como

We have generated MLi002-A, a new induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line derived from keratinocytes of a skin punch biopsy of a female patient with the severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex Dowling-Meara phenotype and the keratin K5 E475G mutation. Keratinocytes were reprogrammed using non-integrating Sendai virus vectors, and xeno-free culture conditions were used throughout. The characterization of MLi002-A cell line consisted of molecular karyotyping, mutation screening using restriction enzyme digestion and Sanger sequencing, and testing of the pluripotency and differentiation potentials by immunofluorescence of associated markers both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first iPSC model of EB Simplex.

This study investigated the most appropriate blood sampling time for determining the lactulose/mannitol (L/M) index, and whether isoflurane anaesthesia increases intestinal permeability in dogs, in terms of changes in the L/M index. Six dogs were given 100 ml of sugar solution (3.6 g lactulose and 3.4 g mannitol) with orogastric tube. Blood samples for determination of basal plasma L/M index were taken 90, 120, and 180 minutes later. The next day, the dogs were administered methadone, induced with midazolam mixed with ketamine, followed immediately by propofol, and anaesthesia maintained with isoflurane in oxygen for 200 minutes. The same sugar solution as the day before was administered at the end of anaesthesia and 12 and 24 hours post-anaesthesia. Blood samples were taken 90, 120 and 180 minutes after administration of sugar solution. HPLC-MS was used for plasma determination of lactulose and mannitol and the results expressed as L/M index. The highest concentrations of lactulose and mannitol were detected 120 minutes after administration of sugar solution. Lactulose/mannitol index significantly increased at the end of anaesthesia, regardless the sampling time, when compared to basal values from non-anaesthetized dogs. The increase of L/M index due to anaesthesia with isoflurane was short-lived as there was no significant difference between L/M index at 12 hours after the anaesthesia and basal values. The most appropriate blood sampling time for determining the L/M index is 120 minutes after oral administration of dual sugar solution.Key words: dog; isoflurane; intestinal permeability; L/M index VPLIV ANESTEZIJE Z IZOFLURANOM NA PREPUSTNOST ČREVESJA PRI ZDRAVIH PSIHNamen raziskave je bil ugotoviti najprimernejši čas odvzema krvi za določanje razmerja med laktulozo in manitolom (indeks L/M) in za ugotavljanje ali anestezija z izofluranom zveča indeks L/M in s tem prepustnost črevesne bariere pri psih. Šestim psom smo z orogastrično sondo dali 100 ml sladkorne raztopine, in sicer 3,6 g laktuloze in 3,4 g manitola. Za določitev bazalne vrednosti indeksa L/M smo psom odvzeli kri 90, 120 in 180 minut po dajanju sladkorne raztopine. Naslednji dan smo jih premedicirali z metadonom, v anestezijo pa uvedli z midazolamom s ketaminom in propofolom. Anestezijo smo vzdrževali z izofluranom v kisiku 200 minut. Enako sladkorno raztopino smo psom dali še trikrat, in sicer na koncu anestezije ter 12 in 24 ur po anesteziji. Po vsakem dajanju sladkorne raztopine smo po 90, 120 in 180 minutah odvzeli kri za določitev indeksa L/M. Laktulozo in manitol v plazmi smo določali z metodo HPLC-MS in rezultat izrazili kot indeks L/M. Najvišjo koncentracijo laktuloze in manitola smo zaznali 120 minut po dajanju sladkorne raztopine. Indeks L/M se je, v primerjavi z bazalnimi vrednostmi pri neanesteziranih psih, na koncu anestezije značilno zvišal ne glede na čas odvzema krvi. Anestezija z izofluranom kratkotrajno zveča indeks L/M, saj že 12 ur po anesteziji ni bilo značilne razlike v primerjavi z bazalno vrednostjo. Najprimernejši čas odvzema krvi za določitev indeksa L/M je 120 minut po dajanju sladkorne raztopine.Ključne besede: pes; izofluran; prepustnost črevesja; indeks L/M