Annaswamy Mudaliar General Hospital

The objective of the present investigation is to examined the correlation between the literacy and sex ratio in Gadhinglaj taluka and wards in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra state. The study was based on the Census 2011 data given by the Registrar General of India. The Spearman's Rank correlation approach was used to determine the relationship between literacy and sex ratio. The literacy rate was treated as an independent variable, whereas the sex ratio was treated as a dependent variable. It has observed that the moderate negative correlation and weak negative correlation between literacy rate and sex ratio in Gadhinglaj taluka and Gadhinglaj wards respectively

Background: Benign breast diseases (BBD) are a frequent cause of mastalgia, both worldwide and in Pakistan. Hence recognition of BBD using clinical signs and sonographic breast imaging is important to reduce the number of unnecessary radiation exposure in the form of mammography and invasive biopsies and consequently avoid delay in the diagnosis. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of the subtypes of BBD in the local population presenting with mastalgia. Patients and Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in Radiology Department of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 1st January till 30th June, 2022. Total 301 females fulfilling inclusion criteria referred from Surgery OPD and were enrolled after taking informed consent. Patients were clinically examined to assess and exclude any palpable lumps and to validate mastalgia. Sonographic evaluation of the breast was performed by three independent Consultant Radiologists following updated guidelines. The probe frequency was between 4.5MHz - 9MHz. Other technical parameters were adjusted accordingly. Colour Doppler and spectral Doppler techniques were used to further assess the lesion and categorize into the BBD lesions. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of enrolled patient was 31.47 (+10.59) years. The mean duration of symptoms was 5 months. Out of 301 females, the imaging was normal in 89 (29.6%), while 92 (30.6%) patients had findings in right breast, 74 (24.6%) in left and 46 (15.3%) in bilateral breast. Overall, ductal dilatation was most common cause for mastalgia (9.8%). Fibroadenoma being the second most common finding (8.8%). Other causes being non-puerperal mastitis (8.6%), abscess (6.3%) and benign cyst (5.6%). Conclusion: BBD are the most common cause of mastalgia in our population with duct ectasia being the most common type in second and third decade followed by fibroadenoma.

This paper investigates the intricate relationship between workplace factors and their influence on the occurrence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). It delves into the factors affecting industry operators' performance, emphasizing the role of organizational, ergonomic, and individual factors as triggering elements. To quantitatively assess these factors' contributions to a person's work productivity, a novel grid model is proposed, enabling a structured evaluation. The study involved a cohort of ten actively participated in the study. Participants provided insights into workplace conditions significantly affecting WMSDs through a meticulously designed questionnaire. The mathematical model presented here adopts a systematic and analytical approach, employing algebraic equations to represent both hyperbolic and linear relations. This model establishes a structured framework for the assessment and optimization of workplace conditions, ultimately aiming to reduce the incidence of WMSDs. Parametric studies were conducted to evaluate the model's effectiveness, facilitating the prediction of different factors' impacts on the performance index linked to WMSD reduction. Results indicate that ergonomic factors affected 60% of the participants' performance. Similarly, individual factors affected 20% and organisational factors affected 50% of the participant's performance. This paper sheds light on the dynamic interplay of these factors, offering valuable insights for the prevention of WMSDs in various occupational settings.

Early diagnosis of dementia is crucial for timely intervention. However, frequently, there is a substantial delay in diagnosis. Therefore, it is essential to recognise and address the barriers to early diagnosis. These have not been systematically studied in India. We at a specialist memory clinic in India investigated the time from symptom onset to diagnosis of dementia and factors contributing to the delay. In this cross-sectional study, consecutive patients with dementia (n=855) seen at a private hospital underwent a standard clinical assessment and investigations. The primary outcome variable was time from symptom onset to diagnosis (TTD). The association of age, education, gender, dementia subtype, and age of onset on TTD were examined using a univariate analysis of covariance. The median TTD was 24months; 43% were diagnosed after 24months. There was a significant association between TTD and age at onset (young onset-median 36months vs. late onset-24months) and dementia subtype. Patients with vascular dementia were diagnosed significantly earlier as compared to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) [median 18, 24, and 30months, respectively]. There was no effect of gender or education on the TTD. About 40% of patients with dementia were diagnosed more than 2years after symptom onset, particularly young onset dementias and FTD. Our study findings highlight the gaps in diagnosing patients with dementia in urban India and have significant implications for developing and implementing multifaceted interventions to improve the early diagnosis of dementia.

Abstract An Au(III) complex, [Au(2‐ptp)2]Cl (1) (2‐ptp = 2‐(3‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)pyridine), has been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique and other spectroscopic data. Presence of different noncovalent interactions leads to the formation of 3D supramolecular structure. The complex 1 exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive (MIC) (Staphylococcus aureus [240 μg/ml], Bacillus subtilis [645 μg/ml]) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli [270 μg/ml], Enterococcus faecalis [820 μg/ml], Klebsiella pneumonia [785 μg/ml]) bacteria. Also, the toxicity of 1 has been checked by MTT assay. The complex shows promising anticancer activity against Vero cells and the CC50 is 405 μg/ml. The complex also shows improved conductivity (Λ) by one order difference on illumination (Λdark, 7.42 × 10−5 Sm−1 and Λillumination, 2.45 × 10−4 Sm−1).

Abstract BackgroundEarly diagnosis in dementia is crucial for management but there is usually a time lag between symptom onset and dementia diagnosis. The prevalence and factors associated with delay in seeking help for people with dementia in India is unknown.MethodConsecutive patients with dementia (n=924) seen at a memory clinic were enrolled in the study after informed consent. All patients underwent a standard clinical assessment, neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging. The main outcome variable was time from symptom onset to diagnosis (TTD). The effect of age, education, early onset (EOD‐<65 years) and late onset (LOD‐>65 years), dementia subtype, and gender on TTD were examined using a general linear model.ResultThe mean age of the whole group was 70.15(9.1) years and the mean TTD was 32.2 (26.6) months. There was a significant effect of age at onset (EOD 37.2 months vs LOD 27 months), education [(0‐4 years‐37.9 months) vs (5‐12 years ‐27.42 months)] and dementia subtype. Patients with vascular dementia (25.4months) and dementia with Lewy bodies (23.5 months) presented earlier as compared to patients with Alzheimer’s disease (33.4 months) and Frontotemporal dementia (36.8 months).ConclusionPeople with dementia in India are diagnosed much later, approximately 3 years after symptom onset as compared to other Western and Asian studies (1‐2 years). Clinical features and low education may be barriers to seek help for dementia diagnosis.

To evaluate the role of stressors in FTD.

Recurrent throat pain, “foreign body” sensation, difficulty in swallowing, or vague facial pain is many times caused by the presence of an elongated styloid process. Many times, this condition is misdiagnosed and the patient is treated for facial neuralgia. But once Eagle's syndrome is confirmed by clinical and radiological examination, the treatment is always surgical resection. The approach maybe intraoral or extraoral. In this paper, we present a case of Eagle's syndrome caused by bilateral elongation of the styloid process and where surgical resection of the same gave instant permanent relief for the patient.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis (OSCC-OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 217 cases of OSCC were retrieved from achieves for the analysis. OSCC-OSMF cases were segregated on the basis of history and clinicopathological parameters. The study included 217 patients of which 112 had OSCC and 105 OSCC-OSMF. OSCC-OSMFs were younger compared with OSCC. Overall oral cancer was noted predominantly in males compared to females. The number of OSCC-OSMF was more in clinical TNM stage I and stage II as compared to OSCC, whereas the number of OSCC was more in stage III and stage IV compared to OSCC-OSMF. Histological presentation of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was significantly more in OSCC-OSMF compared to OSCC, whereas moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was significantly more in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSMF. Regional lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSMF. Three-year disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in OSCC-OSMF compared to OSCC. The OSCC-OSMF was found to be a clinicopathologically distinct entity with a better grade of tumor differentiation, less incidence of nodal metastases, and early detection (early clinical TNM stage) compared to OSCC. All these factors probably contribute to a better prognosis and increased 3-year disease-free survival in OSCC-OSMF patients.