Array Information Technology (United States)

Software testing accounts for 50-70\% of the software development life cycle within safety-critical aviation systems. As software complexity on board commercial airliners continues to increase, costs due to software testing continue to escalate. Manual tests provide low up front costs but tend to be slow and costly to execute, and the results are often subjective. Automated tests significantly accelerate test execution times and ensure objective test results. Many existing automation solutions require multiple components for the different communication protocols and a high level of technical expertise of these communications protocols. This paper presents a custom Multi-level Hardware-In-the-Loop (MHIL) test system that integrates all communication interfaces to the system under test into a single well synchronized platform and uses this integration to provide intuitive test development environments. The MHIL system uses a System-on-Module to integrate FPGA and Real-Time Operating Systems to provide precise and synchronized control across a wide variety of communication protocols. Layered abstraction translates from these low-level complex hardware protocols to high-level test functions that would be very recognizable to anyone familiar with the user interfaces of the system under test. Results from case studies demonstrate significant improvements in test execution time when using this system. With this automated testing, execution of individual test procedures show improvements of up to 20 times, and complete projects have seen test execution times more than 15 times faster, while also providing more precise and repeatable test results.

The paper is devoted to the issue of marking the products of generative artificial intelligence in the light of the Polish Act on Combating Unfair Competition. The possibility of qualifying the fact of concealing the creation of a given product/provision of a given service as a result of the exclusive action of AI or its cooperation with a human, as well as attributing the „authorship” of such a product to a human, as one of the torts of unfair competition, under Article 10 and Article 3, paragraph 1 of the Act on Combating Unfair Competition, has been analyzed. In the context of Article 10, the issue of not only misleading marking but also misleading lack of marking of goods/services was analysed.

The recent approval of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting HER2 (like Trastuzumab Deruxtecan or T-DXd) have led to challenges for the immunohistochemical (IHC) companion diagnostic test since the test was optimized for gene amplified levels of HER2. Here we develop and validate an objective test for low level HER2 expression toward more accurate selection of patients for T-DXd. We validated the high-sensitivity HER2 assay using a mix of the requirements for an IHC assay and that of a ligand binding assay. Then we prospectively tested it on 316 core biopsy specimens received by Yale Pathology Labs from August 2022 to August 2023. Using a 40-case breast cancer tissue validation set, we find very high accuracy and precision with a coefficient of variation below 10% and define a reportable range for the assay in amol/mm 2 . These prospective cases show the dynamic range of HER2 expression, but also the discordance of pathologist scores with quantitative measurements, especially in the low range of HER2. We find that 6% of the cohort was below the limit of detection of this more sensitive assay while 71% of the IHC=0 cases were above the limit of quantification. Efforts are underway to determine a possible threshold expression level required for T-DXd response. This assay validation study provides a method for accurate, objective measurement of HER2 and has the potential to improve selection of patients for T-DXd or similarly targeted ADC therapies in the future. Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel class of targeted therapy, but in some ADC approvals the target is not assessed due to the lack of an objective and reproducible method for measurement of protein on slides. This paper describes, validates and tests a new fully quantitative method for ADC target assessment on histology slides.

Precise positioning is available from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Unfortunately, satellite signals are weak and a strong interference signal can create a GNSS denial region. The solution requires spatially separating the valid signals from the interference signal. The traditional approach involves constructing a beampattern that puts a sidelobe null in the direction of the interference signal while putting valid signals into the mainlobe or sidelobes. This approach is seen as suboptimal because of array constraints on the beampattern. An alternative approach is presented here that uses linear algebra methods. Physically, all the signals are mapped onto a receive antenna array vector. The signal space approach inverts this mapping which results in a signal vector that completely decouples the valid signals from the interference signal. This allows only the valid signals to be used for positioning. Implementation of this alternative approach yields an adaptive set of antenna array weights calculated using linear algebra methods to decouple all the signals.

Background: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) professionals, including managers and advisors, often face exclusion from key organizational decision-making processes, limiting their influence on workplace safety improvements. While prior research highlights the technical aspects of OHS roles, little attention has been given to the strategic approaches professionals use to navigate organizational challenges and influence safety systems effectively. Methods:This study was conducted through in-depth interviews with twelve OHS professionals from public and private sector organizations. Participants, comprising six OHS managers and six OHS advisors, had at least six years of experience. Data collection involved semi-structured and structured interviews, where participants provided insights into their responsibilities, strategic approaches, and organizational positioning. Thematic analysis using NVIVO software categorized strategies based on existing frameworks while identifying new approaches. An impact evaluation framework with seven levels was applied to assess the effectiveness of these strategies. Results: OHS professionals were motivated by personal experiences, a commitment to workplace safety, and the desire to drive organizational change. Their primary responsibilities included advising management, ensuring regulatory compliance, and maintaining OHS management systems. While most professionals operated at both strategic and operational levels, their focus was primarily on organizational and human-centered dimensions rather than technical aspects. Strategic approaches varied, with some relying on traditional compliance-based strategies, while others employed adaptive tactics, such as the “political reflective navigator” model, to influence workplace safety culture. Conclusion: The study highlights the diverse roles and strategies employed by OHS professionals to enhance workplace safety. Despite their marginalization in decision-making, those who adopt flexible, advocacy-driven strategies can exert significant influence on organizational safety practices. Future research should explore additional contextual factors affecting OHS professionals' strategic efficacy, particularly in different industry settings.

En el marco de la discusión del cuidado institucionalizado de las infancias, este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación etnográfica que tuvo como objetivo comprender significados que surgen de las prácticas cotidianas en la infancia y en quienes les cuidan, en la micro cultura del cuidado institucionalizado. Se realiza un trabajo de observación participante y registro documental por un periodo de cuatro meses a dos centros residenciales infantiles con un total de cuatro grupos muestrales. Los resultados develan que el cuidado institucionalizado de la infancia nos posiciona en un campo de reflexión que tensiona los trayectos y coordenadas de los cuerpos dentro de dispositivos de acción institucional. Se presentan carencias y mixturas de potencia en el cuidado, condiciones hibridas, que dan lugar a que se configuren espacios otros en su habitar lo que resulta ser un ejercicio político de la infancia que busca crear y recrear sus sentidos de existencia, como también de quienes cuidan. La infancia interpela las relaciones que se manifiestan hacia ella, lo que resulta ser un atributo necesario y vital para enfrentar críticamente y superar lo que no hemos visto en la complejidad del cuidado institucionalizado y su necesaria transformación.

A modo de onboarding el presente texto muestra algunas de las herramientas adoptadas por comunidades NFT a la hora de entender los procesos colaborativos que se dan en blockchain. En la investigación se recogen algunos casos de estudio de proyectos colectivos NFT realizados por comunidades LATAM entre los años 2021-2023 así cómo la emergencia de unas éticas colaborativas coherentes con unas lógicas técnicas nativas de esta tecnología. Se verá el sentido que adquieren los recursos como royalties, splits, billeteras multifirma y DAOs para implementar estas lógicas colaborativas desde lo técnico. Para acercarnos a estas éticas adoptadas por las comunidades NFT en este aspecto, mencionaré la relación que algunas comunidades en blockchain mantienen con una tradición política cypherpunk y con el pensamiento e-commerce de los High-Tech Hayekians.

The article addresses the issue of normative-legal regulation concerning the operations of international private military companies (hereafter: PMCs). The specifics of the activities of international private military companies and their significance in the modern world are examined. The main emphasis is placed on analyzing documents that regulate the functioning of private military structures, particularly the Montreux Document, the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers, and the role of the International Association of the Code of Conduct in monitoring the actions of PMCs. Additionally, the mechanisms for regulating the activities of private military companies at the level of influential intergovernmental organizations such as the UN, EU, and NATO are analyzed. Challenges in the legal field resulting from the increased demand for PMC services are outlined. The conclusion drawn emphasizes the expediency of strengthening the normative-legal framework for regulating the activities of international private military companies.