Arris (United States)

Artikel ini mendiskusikan tentang wakaf uang yang diimplementasikan di Indonesia bertepatan dengan program pemerintah dalam bentuk Gerakan Nasinal Wakaf Uang (GNWU) sejak awal 2021. Penelitian yang bersifat studi pustaka ini merupakan tanggapan dari usaha pemerintah dalam upaya menggalang dana masyarakat dalam bentuk wakaf uang. Keberadaan UU No. 17/2003 tentang keuangan negara sejatinya menutup pintu bagi penggalangan dana semacam ini oleh pemerintah, baik pemerintah pusat, daerah, kementerian dan lembaga non-kementerian hingga lembaga negara independen. Solusi yang ditawarkan GNWU ini berjalan adalah, pertama, fungsi BWI dibatasi hanya sebagai regulator. Kedua, BWI harus meninggalkan statusnya sebagai lembaga negara independent, kemudian berubah menjadi sebatas organisasi atau badan hukum dalam bidang Nadzir.

This paper studies a second cumulant/h-infinity control problem with multiple players for a nonlinear stochastic system on a finite-horizon. The second cumulant/h-infinity control problem, which is a generalization of the higher-order multi-objective control problem, involves a control method with multiple performance indices. The necessary condition for the existence of Nash equilibrium strategies for the second cumulant/h-infinity control problem is given by the coupled Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations. In addition, a threeplayer Nash strategy is derived for the second cumulant/h-infinity control problem. A simulation example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed theoretical formulations.

Introduction : L’automédication est un phénomène universel menaçant la santé publique surtout en ce qui concerne les antibiotiques car c’est l’un des facteurs favorisant l’apparition de résistance. L’objectif de l’étude était de pré-estimer la prévalence de l’automédication par les antibiotiques (ATBs) et d’en rechercher les motivations poussant à cette pratique ainsi que les ATBs les plus demandés dans cinq villes Algériennes. Matériel et méthode : C’est une étude multicentrique, descriptive, exhaustive et observationnelle de la pratique de l’automédication par les ATBs au niveau de cinq officines pharmaceutiques réparties sur cinq villes algériennes (Batna, M’sila, Mascara, Tiaret et Sidi-Bel-Abbès) durant une période de 15 jours à raison de 3 heures par jour (de 10h00 à 13h00) par le biais d’un autoquestionnaire anonyme. Résultats : Le sex-ratio moyen était de 1,92 ce qui représente une prédominance masculine avec un âge compris pour la plupart entre 30 et 44 ans. L’antibiotique demandé était le plus souvent pour le demandeur lui-même, poussé par leur expérience antérieure avec des pourcentages allant de 51,4% à 85,7% pour les cinq villes. La famille des bétalactamines constitue la principale classe d’antibiotiques demandée. En ce qui concerne les motivations de l’automédication, à Batna et Tiaret le motif principal était la banalisation de la maladie, alors qu’à Mascara s’était surtout pour des raisons économiques. A Sidi-Bel-Abbès d’autres motifs étaient responsables. Enfin, la ville de M’sila a fait l’exception en donnant les différents motifs à parts égales (25% chacune).

This study was designed to characterize a large database of audiometric records from an academic health center Audiology clinic for the purpose of determining the distributions of hearing loss configuration, severity, and site of lesion. : Using AMCLASS, a validated tool for classifying audiograms described in a previous report, the audiometric configuration, severity, and site of lesion was determined for patients grouped according to the completeness of the audiometric record. Complete air conduction testing at six octave frequencies in both ears was required for inclusion. Patients were grouped according to the quantity of bone conduction thresholds in the record: both ears tested, one ear tested, or neither ear tested. All other records were discarded leaving 23,798 records of 16,818 patients for analysis. All analyses were conducted for all remaining records and with repeat tests excluded. The effect of removing repeat audiograms had remarkably little effect on the distributions. Sloping hearing losses dominated the distributions of configuration. One-third of all records indicated normal hearing in at least one ear and one fourth had normal hearing in both ears. Mild and moderate hearing losses were equally prevalent, each contributing 40% to 45% of the cases with hearing loss. Sensorineural was the most prevalent site of lesion, representing about 45% of cases and just over half the cases with hearing loss. Prevalence rates of hearing loss configurations, severities, and sites of lesion are provided against which analyses of other databases can be compared. The results may be useful for counseling patients regarding the relationship of their hearing loss to that of a large population. The high number normal-hearing people in the database suggests that estimates of the need for hearing testing based on prevalence of hearing loss may underestimate the number of people who seek or are referred for hearing evaluation.

This article focuses on the development of small synthetic inhibitors of cysteine proteases since 1990. The emphasis is on the design of selective cysteine protease inhibitors as research tools and as potential therapeutic agents. The mechanisms of inhibition of the new compounds, where appropriate, are discussed, and also how a knowledge of the differences in mechanisms between cysteine and serine proteases may be exploited in the design of selective inhibitors.

We describe a new method, Compass, for predicting the biological activities of molecules based on the activities and three-dimensional structures of other molecules. The method improves on previous techniques by representing only the surface of molecules, by incorporating a nonlinear statistical method, and by automatically choosing conformations and alignments of molecules. We use a benchmark problem of steroid binding affinity prediction to compare the performance of the method with that of two previous systems: CoMFA and a molecular similarity method. Compass predicts steroid affinities substantially more accurately than the others, which represent the state of the art. We present experiments showing that the improved performance depends on each of the technical innovations.