Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have gained attention as a promising, cell-free regenerative therapy due to their immunomodulatory and tissue-repair properties. This study retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of nebulized human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome therapy in three patients with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who underwent weekly nebulized exosome therapy for 5 weeks at ALPS Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Clinical outcomes were assessed using pulmonary function tests, inflammatory markers, and laboratory parameters. Post-therapy, pulmonary function improved, with increases in forced expiratory volume in 1 s from 2.59 to 3.4 L (p = 0.07) and forced vital capacity from 2.48 to 3.32 L (p = 0.11), while the forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio significantly increased from 82.57% to 92.9% (p = 0.05), indicating reduced airflow limitation. Inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein and eosinophil count, remained stable, and no significant changes were observed in hepatic, renal, or haematological parameters. Additionally, no adverse reactions or safety concerns were reported. In conclusion, nebulized human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome therapy demonstrated potential in improving pulmonary function and alleviating respiratory symptoms in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease while maintaining a favourable safety profile. These preliminary findings support further investigation of exosome therapy as an adjunctive treatment for chronic respiratory diseases.

The effects of cytotoxic solvents with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 g/100 mL in Kalanchoe pinnata (Kp) extract were assessed across various incubation periods in the survival of mice spermatozoa in vitro. The objective of this study was to e

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are among the fastest-growing racial groups in the United States but remain underrepresented in cancer research, leading to gaps in understanding their cancer risks and outcomes. This study examines cancer mortality trends among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders from 1999 to 2020 using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) data. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 individuals and average annual percent change (AAPC) were analyzed with Joinpoint Regression. Overall cancer AAMR significantly declined from 188.68 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 184.49-192.88) to 138.85 (95% CI, 136.9-140.8) per 100,000 individuals, with an AAPC of -1.44 (95% CI, -1.53, -1.34). Lung cancer (21.94%), colon cancer (7.40%), and pancreatic cancer (7.09%) were the leading causes of cancer death. Men had higher AAMR than women (188.75 [95% CI, 187.78-189.72] vs. 136.01 [95% CI, 135.31-136.71] per 100,000 individuals). The highest AAMR were observed in the West (172.95 [95% CI, 172.16-173.74] per 100,000 individuals) and rural areas (175.34 [95% CI, 172.00-178.68] per 100,000 individuals). Despite declining mortality, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders experienced slower reductions in mortality compared to other racial groups, with disparities persisting across sex, geography, and urbanization. Targeted prevention efforts, improved screening, and culturally tailored interventions are essential to address these gaps and improve outcomes.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Nonsurgical periodontal treatment, particularly scaling and root planing (SRP), is essential for managing periodontitis. Adjunctive systemic antibiotics have been proposed to enhance the clinical outcomes of SRP, especially in advanced stages of the disease. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of adjunctive systemic antimicrobial therapy on clinical parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP).Methods:A systematic search of PubMed was conducted, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) between 2010 and 2024 that evaluated the use of systemic antibiotics as an adjunct to SRP in patients with stage III/IV periodontitis. The primary outcomes assessed were changes in PPD, CAL, and BOP.Results:Forty-eight studies, including three recent trials, were analyzed. The combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole resulted in significant improvements in clinical outcomes, with notable reductions in PPD and CAL. Two tables summarize these findings.Conclusion:Systemic antibiotics, especially amoxicillin and metronidazole, significantly enhance clinical outcomes when used adjunctively with SRP. Shorter antibiotic regimens may provide similar benefits with fewer side effects.

Drug discovery and development (DDD) is a highly complex process that necessitates precise monitoring and extensive data analysis at each stage. Furthermore, the DDD process is both timeconsuming and costly. To tackle these concerns, artificial intelligence (AI) technology can be used, which facilitates rapid and precise analysis of extensive datasets within a limited timeframe. The pathophysiology of cancer disease is complicated and requires extensive research for novel drug discovery and development. The first stage in the process of drug discovery and development involves identifying targets. Cell structure and molecular functioning are complex due to the vast number of molecules that function constantly, performing various roles. Furthermore, scientists are continually discovering novel cellular mechanisms and molecules, expanding the range of potential targets. Accurately identifying the correct target is a crucial step in the preparation of a treatment strategy. Various forms of AI, such as machine learning, neural-based learning, deep learning, and network-based learning, are currently being utilised in applications, online services, and databases. These technologies facilitate the identification and validation of targets, ultimately contributing to the success of projects. This review focuses on the different types and subcategories of AI databases utilised in the field of drug discovery and target identification for cancer.

The objective is to develop a safer alternative to conventional lipsticks while ensuring stability and efficacy. The medicated lipstick has been successfully synthesized using a dispersion method, with oil serving as the dispersing media. Incorporation of beetroot powder extract imparted colour to the lipstick, while acyclovir drug has been effectively integrated into the formulation. Particle size analysis revealed that the lipstick particles ranged from 300 nm to 600 nm, with an average particle size of 407 nm, indicating suitable dispersion and homogeneity. Stability studies conducted over a period of 35 days demonstrated good stability of the products, suggesting its potential for long-term use. Further, different colour lipstick was synthesized with the same stability by altering the oil and beetroot extract composition. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of natural ingredients and pharmaceutical additives in cosmetic formulations to enhance safety and efficacy, paving the way for further research and development in this area.

The thiazolidinone component is a specialized frame exhibiting various biological reactions comprising analgesic, hypnotic, antiviral, anticancer, antitubercular, and many more. As the target scaffold for biological investigations, current category of heterocycles has been created by researchers using a number of fundamental techniques, as well as sophisticated routes. Recent research has focused heavily on 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one heterocyclic nuclei, which contain electron configurations at the tetrahedral site and at positions 1 and 3, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, respectively. The goal of the current review is to summarize the published work concerning the chemistry and pharmacological properties of thiazolidinone derivatives over the past few years. This is executed by characterizing thiazolidinone derivatives with various pharmacological activities using structural substitution patterns around the thiazolidinone moiety as the basis for the SAR study and their interactions with various proteins. This review also summarizes current developments in the chemical, molecular and biological activities of thiazolidinones.