Assembly Biosciences (United States)

Mesin diesel adalah mesin yang dikenal sebagai mesin pembakaran internal yang menggunakan panas kompresi untuk menyalakan bahan bakar yang telah disemprotkan nozzle ke dalam ruang bakar Masalah yang sering terjadi pada mesin diesel adalah gangguan pada sistem bahan bakar. Ketika terjadi gangguan tersebut trouble shooting harus dilakukan pada sistem bahan bakar dan perawatan berkala dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalisir gangguan-gangguan pada sistem bahan bakar mesin diesel. Diesel purging kit berbasis arduino uno yang sudah dilengkapi dengan display digital guna membaca tingkat kekeruhan dari cairan proses purging sehingga diharapkan dapat memudahkan mekanik dalam proses purging engine diesel dan membuat itu menjadi lebih efisien dan efektif. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan grafik dari kekeruhan cairan proses purging engine diesel pada saat 5 menit pertama hingga menit ke 20 terjadi peningkatan presentase kekeruhan cairan yang signifikan. Namun, dimenit terakhir proses hanya terjadi peningkatan 2% yang berarti hasil maksimal proses tersebut menyentuh angka kekeruhan 72 %. Setelah adanya pengadaan alat tersebut proses purging engine diesel memangkas waktu sebesar 30 menit dibanding sebelum adanya alat

Krisis energi global yang didasari oleh ketahanan energi berbasis fosil mendorong upaya transisi energi berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menguji potensi pemanfaatan sumber energi angin dari Cooling Tower sebagai sumber energi alternatif yang efisien dan berkelanjutan. Cooling Tower di PT Astra Daihatsu Motor menjadi fokus penelitian karena perusahaan ini telah menerapkan program Sustainable Development Goal's (SDG's) yang sejalan dengan tujuan berkontribusi dalam penanganan permasalahan global, termasuk dalam energi bersih dan penanganan perubahan iklim. Energi angin dari Cooling Tower dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus daya angin yang menghasilkan daya sebesar 1.373 watt pada kecepatan angin rata-rata 9 m/s dari 1 lubang Cooling Tower. Untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatannya, turbin angin tipe HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine) dipasang pada cerobong Cooling Tower. Turbin ini menghasilkan daya angin sebesar 425 watt dengan koefisien daya 0,43 dan tip speed ratio 9,7. Generator tipe PMSG (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator) dipilih sebagai pengubah energi kinetik menjadi energi listrik. Hasil implementasi menunjukkan bahwa turbin angin hanya dapat menghasilkan 79,52 watt dengan efisiensi generator sebesar 18,7% dari sumber daya angin yang diterima. Penelitian ini memperoleh penghematan biaya listrik sebesar Rp. 660.660/tahun dan menurunkan emisi TCO2 sebesar 0,416 TCO2/tahun. Pemanfaatan sumber energi angin dari Cooling Tower menunjukkan potensi sebagai sumber energi alternatif yang berkelanjutan. Selain mengurangi ketergantungan pada sumber energi fosil, pemanfaatan energi angin juga memberikan dampak positif terhadap lingkungan dengan mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca.

Delpazolid (LCB01-0371) is a novel oxazolidinone derivative with a good safety profile for treating gram-positive pathogenic infections such as Mycobacterium abscessus, a highly pathogenic drug-resistant Mycobacterium. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of delpazolid after 14 days of multiple oral administration, using data from adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. 800 mg once a day, 400 mg twice a day, 800 mg twice a day, and 1200 mg once a day delpazolid for 14 days were tested in 63 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. For PK blood collection, inpatient and outpatient scheduling were separately implemented. Plasma concentrations of delpazolid were measured at visits 2, 4, 6, and 8 in outpatients, and four sparse blood samples were measured in inpatients. PD models were sequentially fitted using individual PK parameter estimates obtained from PK compartmental models. For PK modeling, 180 plasma concentrations of delpazolid from 56 patients were included. A two-compartment mixed first- and zero-order absorption model best described the time course of plasma concentration. For the PD model, 448 bacterial titer data from 60 patients were used. The time course of bacterial titers (log10 CFU/mL) was described by a model that consists of the growth and killing rate of bacteria with the sigmoid Emax model. The PK-PD simulation suggested that the bacterial titers are the lowest on the 800 mg bid regimen among the four, consistent with observed data, as all regimens substantially decrease. In the dose-response relationship, the effectiveness of delpazolid was suggested.

ABI-H0731, a first-generation hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein inhibitor, has demonstrated effective antiviral activity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in a phase 1b clinical trial and is currently being further evaluated in phase 2 clinical trials. Here, we report the preclinical profile of ABI-H0731. In in vitro cell culture systems (HepG2-derived cell lines HepAD38 and HepG2-NTCP and primary human hepatocytes [PHHs]), ABI-H0731 exhibited selective inhibition of HBV DNA replication (50% effective concentration [EC50] from 173 nM to 307 nM). Most importantly, ABI-H0731 suppressed covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) formation in two de novo infection models with EC50s from 1.84 μM to 7.3 μM. Mechanism-of-action studies indicated that ABI-H0731 is a direct-acting antiviral that targets HBV core protein, preventing HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) encapsidation and subsequent DNA replication. The combination of ABI-H0731 with entecavir appears to decrease viral DNA faster and deeper than nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NrtI) therapy alone. In addition, ABI-H0731 disrupts incoming nucleocapsids, causing the premature release of relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) before delivery to the nucleus, and thus prevents new cccDNA formation. ABI-H0731 exhibits pangenotypic activity and is additive to moderately synergistic when combined with an NrtI. In addition to its potency and novel mechanism of action, ABI-H0731 possesses drug-like properties and a preclinical pharmacokinetic profile supportive of once-daily dosing in patients with CHB. Taken together, these data support the ongoing clinical development of ABI-H0731 as a treatment for HBV.

The proton conductivity maximum in doped BaZrO 3 is explained by a percolation vs. many-body trapping picture using first-principles thermodynamics calculations.

Defining mechanisms of direct-acting antivirals facilitates drug development and our understanding of virus function. Heteroaryldihydropyrimidines (HAPs) inappropriately activate assembly of hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein (Cp), suppressing formation of virions. We examined a fluorophore-labeled HAP, HAP-TAMRA. HAP-TAMRA induced Cp assembly and also bound pre-assembled capsids. Kinetic and spectroscopic studies imply that HAP-binding sites are usually not available but are bound cooperatively. Using cryo-EM, we observed that HAP-TAMRA asymmetrically deformed capsids, creating a heterogeneous array of sharp angles, flat regions, and outright breaks. To achieve high resolution reconstruction (<4 Å), we introduced a disulfide crosslink that rescued particle symmetry. We deduced that HAP-TAMRA caused quasi-sixfold vertices to become flatter and fivefold more angular. This transition led to asymmetric faceting. That a disordered crosslink could rescue symmetry implies that capsids have tensegrity properties. Capsid distortion and disruption is a new mechanism by which molecules like the HAPs can block HBV infection.

Defining mechanisms of direct-acting antivirals facilitates drug development and our understanding of virus function. Heteroaryldihydropyrimidines (HAPs) inappropriately activate assembly of hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein (Cp), suppressing formation of virions. We examined a fluorophore-labeled HAP, HAP-TAMRA. HAP-TAMRA induced Cp assembly and also bound pre-assembled capsids. Kinetic and spectroscopic studies imply that HAP-binding sites are usually not available but are bound cooperatively. Using cryo-EM, we observed that HAP-TAMRA asymmetrically deformed capsids, creating a heterogeneous array of sharp angles, flat regions, and outright breaks. To achieve high resolution reconstruction (<4 Å), we introduced a disulfide crosslink that rescued particle symmetry. We deduced that HAP-TAMRA caused quasi-sixfold vertices to become flatter and fivefold more angular. This transition led to asymmetric faceting. That a disordered crosslink could rescue symmetry implies that capsids have tensegrity properties. Capsid distortion and disruption is a new mechanism by which molecules like the HAPs can block HBV infection.