Association for Research and Industrial Development of Natural Resources

Abstract Once nearly eradicated from Europe, grey wolves ( Canis lupus ) have recently undergone a remarkable demographic recovery, but their long-term survival remains precarious. By analyzing 1,001 genomes, we uncover a mosaic of distinct evolutionary lineages, not a single recovering population. Northern populations exhibit Asian wolf ancestry, while southern populations preserve ancient Holocene lineages, with dog introgression varying by region. Isolated wolves from the Scandinavian, Italian, and Iberian peninsulas harbored particularly high levels of inbreeding and fixed deleterious mutations. Signatures of genome erosion were widespread across Europe, with many populations falling well short of the minimum size recommended for long-term survival. Our study reveals the complex tapestry of wolf ancestry and variation across Europe, which calls for nuanced, regional conservation plans founded in genetic monitoring.

BackgroundLipids are fundamental to neuronal function, and disruptions in lipid homeostasis are increasingly recognized as key contributors to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disesase. While lipid dysregulation is known to alter protein function, the therapeutic potential of lipid‐based interventions remains largely unexplored.MethodsNeurospheres culture, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, inmunofluorescence labeling, confocal microscopy, western‐blot, qPCR.ResultsHere, using 5xFAD mice and primary neurospheres, we investigate the effects of a hydroxylated derivative of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA‐H) and its metabolite heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA) on neuronal proliferation and differentiation. We show that DHA‐H and HPA enhance proliferation, as evidenced by increased expression of Ki‐67, Sox2, and Nestin, alongside BrdU incorporation in vitro. Confocal microscopy and Western blot analyses further reveal upregulation of neuronal differentiation markers, including Doublecortin, NeuroD1, and PSA‐NCAM. In vivo, treatment of WT and 5xFAD mice promotes neuronal progenitor cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus, as indicated by elevated staining of phospho‐Histone H3 levels. Moreover, we identify GPR37 as a potential receptor mediating these effects, with its expression upregulated following treatment. This is accompanied by alterations in MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways, uncovering key mechanisms underlying neuroproliferation and differentiation in Alzheimer's disease models.ConclusionThese findings highlight the potential of lipid‐based interventions in restoring neurogenesis and neuronal maturation in neurodegenerative conditions.

OBJECTIVES/BACKGROUNDClimate change has raised concerns about the imbalance between anthocyanin and sugar levels in grapevines. High temperatures tend to reduce anthocyanin content by inhibiting its synthesis and increasing degradation, while simultaneously enhancing sugar accumulation. The application of elicitors, which promote the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, may help alleviate this imbalance.METHODSTo investigate this, a four‐year field trial was conducted on Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo to assess the effects of four commercial products: two natural‐based (an antioxidant‐mannitol and an alginic acid‐mannitol products) and two phytohormone‐based (an abscisic acid and an ethephon‐based products). The study evaluated the effect of these treatments on the phenyl propanoid pathway gene expression, various yield parameters, and the content of primary and secondary metabolites.RESULTSAlthough none of the treatments consistently increased anthocyanin levels across seasons, the results varied depending on the year. Two products influenced some parameters in specific seasons: the ethephon‐based product, which influenced the anthocyanin‐to‐sugar ratio through the reduction of TSS and induced the expression of key anthocyanin genes, and the natural‐based antioxidant‐mannitol product, which transiently increased the expression of some phenylpropanoid genes.CONCLUSIONSNone of the treatments increased anthocyanin levels across seasons. Ethephon (Fruitel) showed greater effectiveness under temperature stress and reduced sugar accumulation, which may be advantageous in a warming climate. Natural elicitors like antioxidant–mannitol elicitor (Vitalfit) had short‐term effects on gene expression but no lasting impact on anthocyanins. Further research is needed to assess their influence on other polyphenols and their potential for commercial use. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Wolves (Canis lupus) exhibit contrasted activity patterns along their distribution range. The shift from diurnal to nocturnal habits within and among populations appears to be primarily driven by localized levels of human activity, with ambivalent responses toward such disturbance reported among populations. Yet, the drivers and the underlying individual variability of temporal avoidance patterns toward human remains unexplored. We equipped 26 wolves with GPS-GSM collars, obtaining 54,721 locations. We used step lengths, turning angles, and accelerometer data from recorded locations to infer activity through hidden Markov models (Conners, M. G., T. Michelot, E. I. Heywood, et al. 2021. "Hidden Markov Models Identify Major Movement Modes in Accelerometer and Magnetometer Data From Four Albatross Species." Movement Ecology 9, no. 1: 1-16.). We further explored the probability of activity as a function of a set of proxies of anthropogenic disturbance at different spatial scales and its interaction with different periods of the day by fitting population-level and individual-based hidden Markov models. Wolves were predominantly active during dusk and night, yet variations in activity emerged among individuals across day periods. We did not find clear population-level effects of anthropogenic disturbance predictors, as these were masked by a wide range of individual-specific responses, which varied from positive to negative, with inter-individual variability in responses changing according to different predictors and periods of the day. Our results suggest a non-uniform strategy of wolves in adapting their behavior to human-dominated environments, further underscoring the role of vegetation patches acting as functional refuge cover for buffering the effects of anthropogenic disturbance and boosting the persistence of the species in human-dominated landscapes. This study, for the first time, reveals the individual variability in wolf responses to human disturbance. By fitting hidden Markov models to data from GPS-GSM collars deployed on 26 wolves, we found significant variation between individuals in their responses to different levels of anthropogenic pressure and across different times of day, highlighting a non-uniform strategy for coping with perturbations in human-dominated landscapes. Our findings underscore the diverse behavioral adjustments employed by wolves to persist in these environments and highlight the critical importance of vegetation patches serving as refuge cover.

Dentro del Derecho ecuatoriano el Servicio Nacional de Aduana del Ecuador cumple su función como entidad pública y dentro de sus funciones está la recuperación de valores pendientes de pago a favor del aparato estatal. Por lo expuesto, tiene la facultad de emitir autos de pago en contra de los deudores. Este trabajo busca la investigación en un enfoque cualitativo para determinar si la aplicación de las medidas precautelatorias que el artículo 164 del Código Orgánico Tributario lo permite está siendo en base a la ley o existen abusos por parte de la entidad pública. El funcionario del Servicio Nacional de Aduana del Ecuador, no se han detenido a analizar cada auto de pago previo a la emisión de estas medidas precautelatorias, al contrario, independientemente de los valores determinados en el auto de pago, el funcionario aplica todas las medidas precautelatorias descritas en artículo 164 del Código Orgánico Tributario, es ahí donde nace el problema, por cuanto, de los casos analizados, se evidencia que independientemente de los valores de los autos de pago, se dispone la retención de fondos de las cuentas bancarias, no siendo suficiente esta medida, se dispone la prohibición de venta de los vehículos que se encuentres a nombre del obligado, además, también se dispone la prohibición de salida del país, en el caso de persona jurídica, se aplica en contra del representante legal. De esta manera se evidencia que existe un evidente abuso del derecho por parte de esta entidad, violentando derechos constitucionales en contra de los coactivados.

En los últimos veinte años, se ha despertado un creciente interés hacia el estudio de metodologías y conceptos como “redes sociales” y “recursos comunitarios de apoyo”, términos que hacen referencia a los recursos que están a disposición de las personas, y que se pueden encontrar por un lado, en el ámbito de las ayudas institucionales (servicios e instalaciones comunitarias, prestaciones económicas etc.) y por otro lado, desde el ámbito de las relaciones interpersonales que se dan en los grupos de la estructura social en la que uno se encuentra inserto. Para el desarrollo y consolidación de la psicología comunitaria en Guatemala se hace indispensable aportaciones teóricas y metodológicas. El propósito de este artículo es hacer una refexión sobre el Apoyo Comunitario para la construcción de una psicología en Guatemala supere los rasgos clásicos de la psicología clínica, asistencialismo y/o activismo dentro del trabajo en comunidad.

IntroductionThe municipality of Leganés has been very vulnerable to the effects of the crisis derived from the COVID-19 pandemic (both due to the incidence of the infection and the socioeconomic situation). Multiple studies show that children and adolescents, especially those with a psychiatric background, have been one of the most affected groups during the confinement.ObjectivesFirstly, to describe the characteristics of clinical care at the Child/Youth Mental Health Centre of Leganés (Madrid) during the first lockdown (March-June 2020). Secondly, to present data on the clinical evolution of the patients along this period (n = 720).MethodsDescriptive study and literature review.ResultsClinical care during the period of strict confinement was mainly by telephone, although the most serious cases were attended in person. In addition, referral to Intensive outpatient programs was interrupted. The results show 56% of patients remained stable. Anxious symptoms (35%) and behavioural disturbances (24%) were most frequently referred (Figure 1), It is noteworthy that the most critical cases (such as suicide attempts or domestic violence) were observed in adolescents and that at least 11% of patients increased their use of electronic devices.ConclusionsThe first confinement stage was particularly stressful for families and especially for children and adolescents, although most patients remained psychopathologically stable. However, other studies have found a significant increase in child and adolescent mental health problems during the following months (de-escalation stage).DisclosureNo significant relationships.

The grey wolf (Canis lupus) persists in a variety of human-dominated landscapes and is subjected to various legal management regimes throughout Europe. Our aim was to assess the effects of intrinsic and methodological determinants on the hair cortisol concentration (HCC) of wolves from four European populations under different legal management. We determined HCC by an enzyme-linked immune assay in 259 hair samples of 133 wolves from the Iberian, Alpine, Dinaric-Balkan, and Scandinavian populations. The HCC showed significant differences between body regions. Mean HCC in lumbar guard hair was 11.6 ± 9.7 pg/mg (range 1.6–108.8 pg/mg). Wolves from the Dinaric-Balkan and Scandinavian populations showed significantly higher HCC than Iberian wolves, suggesting that harvest policies could reflected in the level of chronic stress. A significant negative relationship with body size was found. The seasonal, sex and age patterns are consistent with other studies, supporting HCC as a biomarker of chronic stress in wolves for a retrospective time frame of several weeks. Our results highlight the need for standardization of sampling and analytical techniques to ensure the value of HCC in informing management at a continental scale.

Osteoporosis is characterized by bone loss. The present study aims to investigate the effects of bovine colostrum (BC) on bone metabolism using ovariectomized (OVX) and orchidectomized (ORX) rat models. Twenty-seven-week-old Wistar Han rats were randomly assigned as: (1) placebo control, (2) BC supplementation dose 1 (BC1: 0.5 g/day/OVX, 1 g/day/ORX), (3) BC supplementation dose 2 (BC2: 1 g/day/OVX, 1.5 g/day/ORX) and (4) BC supplementation dose 3 (BC3: 1.5 g/day/OVX, 2 g/day/ORX). Bone microarchitecture, strength, gene expression of VEGFA, FGF2, RANKL, RANK and OPG, and bone resorption/formation markers were assessed after four months of BC supplementation. Compared to the placebo, OVX rats in the BC1 group exhibited significantly higher cortical bone mineral content and trabecular bone mineral content (p < 0.01), while OVX rats in the BC3 group showed significantly higher trabecular bone mineral content (p < 0.05). ORX rats receiving BC dose 2 demonstrated significantly higher levels of trabecular bone mineral content (p < 0.05). Serum osteocalcin in the ORX was pointedly higher in all BC supplementation groups than the placebo (BC1: p < 0.05; BC2, BC3: p < 0.001). Higher doses of BC induced significantly higher relative mRNA expression of OPG, VEGFA, FGF2 and RANKL (p < 0.05). BC supplementation improves bone metabolism of OVX and ORX rats, which might be associated with the activation of the VEGFA, FGF2 and RANKL/RANK/OPG pathways.