Astrakhan Institute of Civil Engineering

The finite element method is widely used in strength calculations of machine-building structures and has a significant list of basic finite elements used to build the discrete finite element computable dynamic models of load-lifting cranes. The article describes static and dynamic characteristics of a computable dynamic model (CDM). CDM is designed to determine stiff features (developing stiffness matrix) and to define the deflected mode of the structures by using different means in structural mechanics, which have been chosen by a designer. Dynamic parameters are determined according to CDM to describe eigen and forced oscillations of crane structures under external action. The quality analysis of CDM of bearing metal structures of bridge cranes built on the basis of bar-shaped open and closed profiles and plate finite elements is based on comparison of the total flexural rigidity of the girders and eigen frequencies and eigenforms of oscillations of their CDM. The general methodology for building equations of motion for crane systems with many (n) degrees of freedom is based on their bar and plate finite elements, the latter are based on Kirchhoff theory of plates. Comparative analysis of the eigenforms of oscillations of the plate and bar CDM of crane with 130/32 t and 33.5m span has been given, the advantages of two types of CDM important for design analysis of strength and seismic resistance in designing bridge cranes are revealed. There has been substantiated the need to develop new methods of calculating finite element models taking into account the dimensional effect. The structures are recommended to regard as unified dimensional systems allowing for different types of non-linearity.

This paper presents a methodology for the analytical research solutions for the work pile foundations with surface broadening and inclined side faces in the ground array, based on the properties of Fourier transform of finite functions. The comparative analysis of the calculation results using the suggested method for prismatic piles, piles with surface broadening prismatic with precast piles and end walls with precast wedges on the surface is described.

There were studied sorptions characteristics of a new environmentally clean sorbent on the base of natural alumosilicates. Sorbent was obtained by means of processing treatment of charge material, flask, activated charcoal BAC-4, Portland cement 500. Absorbing capacity in mg/g is 50,0 fir lead, 110,0 for cobalt, 10,0 for iron, 20,0 for copper, 20,0 for molybdenum, 20,0 for manganese, 30,0 for phenols, 35,0 for benzene, and 100,0 for oil. There was developed plant for obtaining of household water use. The work of plant was compared with characteristics of water, obtained on the plant Aqua Vallis R.

Aim. To identify the reasons for the decline of fish stocks in the Caspian sea. Location . The Caspian sea. Methods . When adverse effects of multiple abiotic factors, the other part indicates the important role of fisheries. How fair this point of view will try to answer in this paper. Consider long-term changes in the average water temperature in the Northern Caspian sea. Results . Considered abiotic and biological factors ( prey base) productivity of the Northern Caspian sea could cause catastrophic ( tenfold) reduction of fish stocks. Evidence of this is shown in table. 2 which shows that external factors do not provide a clear correlation with the yield of fish, more important are the internal factors related to the impact of fishing. Main conclusions . You should pay very close attention to human factors and in particular on the volume of catch, location and time fishing and more time to assess how rational our modern craft.

The paper discusses application of active and passive microwave data for assessment of time and space variations of first-year ice cover. The Caspian and Aral seas are chosen as main study areas. The Caspian Sea evolution is primarily climate driven, while for the Aral Sea there is a mix of anthropic and climate factors. We analyze ice cover conditions using a novel method that combines active and passive satellite measurements for ice discrimination. This method uses the synergy of simultaneous data from active (radar altimeter) and passive (radiometer) microwave instruments onboard the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite, launched in 1992. The benefits, drawbacks, and potential of ice cover studies using the proposed method are discussed. We analyze in detail how this method is influenced by the difference in footprints of the T/P sensors and by the radiometric properties of ice and snow at different stages of ice cover evolution. In order to link the T/P-derived results to historical observations that end in the mid-1980s, long time series of passive microwave data from SMMR and SSM/I sensors have also been analyzed. Satellite time series of ice cover extent and duration of ice period have been obtained for the Caspian and Aral seas since 1978. A good agreement is obtained between historical and satellite data, with significant spatial and temporal variability of ice conditions. There is a marked decrease of both duration of ice season and ice extent during the winters 1998/1999-2001/2002. These satellite-derived time series of sea ice parameters are very valuable in view of the heterogeneous and mostly unpublished data on ice conditions over the Caspian and Aral seas since the mid-1980s.

Heat exchangers with longitudinal fins are studied. The freeze drying process is shown to develop with different process times in the space between fins as well as with time at different fin heights. The diagram and characteristics of the UFST-3.1 freeze-drier built by MGUIE and Vakuummash OAO are given.

Based on the statistics embracing the data for thirty years (1966-1995), a connection was revealed between yearly water-content and numbers of stellate sturgeon (Rus.: sevryuga) larvae migrating from the spawning grounds are essential factors on which reproduction of this fish species in the Lower Volga is dependent. The causes of decreasing sturgeon catches observed in the last decades are pointed out.

Various solutions are considered to the problem concerning the buildup rate of vapor bubbles at a heater surface. The applicability ranges of extremal solutions are established on the basis of the Jacob number.