Astrakhan State University

The article is devoted to a very important issue of the cultural transformation of a settler or a colonist who finds himself in the new natural and cultural conditions of frontier heterotopia. The new space absorbs and consumes the subject, forcing one to constantly transgress. Coming into contact with the Alien, the subject constantly transforms, becoming the Other for the representatives of his indigenous culture. An external observer finds in one more common features with the Alien, the bearer of the local tradition, than with the representatives of the ethnic community from which one came. A settler demonstrates his closeness with this Alien everywhere, dressing like him, speaking his language, adopting his alimentary traditions, etc. All this leads to the settler developing a new worldview that brings him closer to the local peoples and distances him from his own ethnic group. As a result, a new regional sub-ethnic community is formed, aware of its special identity. We find such a model of integration into new natural and cultural realities everywhere, be it the American continent, the Caucasus, or Siberia. This was especially evident in Siberia, where contact with local peoples and a special natural environment gave rise to a new sub-ethnic community — the Sibiryak (Siberian), who is clearly aware of the exclusivity and differences from Russians. Without separating themselves from Russians in general, Siberians nevertheless declare their differences from other peoples, which is manifested in a special mentality, special behavioral patterns, etc.

The relevance of this study is determined by two factors. First, the vectors of the new mission of higher foreign language education in China for training qualified Russianspeaking specialists have not been studied in general, at the scientific and methodological level. Secondly, there are no studies on the ideological significance of the linguosemiotic vector ‘Chinese’ for Chinese students in Russian linguistics. The aim of the study is to identify the fundamental linguosemiotic elements of the socialist system of the new era with Chinese characteristics as a vector for developing the ability to interpret Chinese practice and theory in Russian. The research is based on four Russian as a Foreign Language textbooks from the series “Getting to Know Modern China” (2022), which are based on Xi Jinping’s ideas on socialism with Chinese characteristics for the new era. The main research methods are linguosemiotic analysis and statistical methods. The study describes the linguodidactic model of the analyzed textbooks, evaluates the optimal integration of ideological and political concepts into educational programs for reinforcing basic Russian as a Foreign Language skills in Chinese universities, and identifies the specific use of the component ‘with Chinese characteristics’ in the textbook series. The findings are supported by statistical analysis of the micro-language within the study material, confirming the predominance of ideologemes with the component ‘Chinese’ as a linguosemiotic element structuring the linguodidactic foundation of the textbooks. The frequency analysis of the comprehensive component ‘with Chinese characteristics’ reveals its value-based features as a structural-semantic element of linguistic units in various formats, facilitating the acquisition of macro- and micro-text strategies. This study refines the understanding of the linguistic personality of Chinese students, updates methodological approaches to their education, and considers the discourse system with Chinese characteristics and the development of intercultural communication skills.

Introduction . Ensuring the operational safety of cargo lifting cranes, especially at nuclear power facilities when transporting hazardous loads such as spent fuel assemblies, requires high precision in the calculation of loadbearing structures. Existing modeling approaches do not always consider the influence of the detailing of removable load-handling attachments (RLHAs) on the overall stress-strain state of the crane. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of the finite element model’s level of detail for a traverse type RLHA on a flexible suspension on the convergence and accuracy of the static calculation results for an overhead crane. Materials and Methods . The study was conducted using the case of transporting TUK-13 containers with an overhead crane equipped with a traverse on a flexible suspension. Three variants of the crane’s computational static model (CSM) were developed and analyzed, varying in the way the RLHA was modeled: 1) representation of the load from the RLHA and cargo as lumped masses (weight); 2) use of a detailed model of the RLHA with cargo, featuring rigid element joints; 3) application of a detailed model of the RLHA with cargo, taking into account hinged joints. For each of the three models, a static analysis was performed using three different methods: linear static analysis, static analysis considering the P-Δ effect, and static analysis paying attention to both the P-Δ effect and large displacements. Conclusions . The comparative analysis showed that accounting for flexible suspension elements and hinged joints in the RLHA design requires consideration of the P-Δ effect and large displacements to adequately describe the deformed state of the “crane-RLHA-cargo” system. Linear methods and simplified RLHA models can lead to significant inaccuracies. The choice of the detailing level of RLHA and the calculation method significantly affects the reliability of the obtained results. Research Scope and Future Use . The results are applicable to the static analysis of overhead cranes with flexible suspensions and complex RLHAs. Further research could be extended to dynamic operating modes and other types of RLHAs.Practical Significance. The obtained information is important for engineering practice in the design and verification of overhead cranes’ calculation, enabling the selection of a rational balance between the model’s level of detail and the computing method to ensure the required accuracy and safety. Originality and Value . The novelty of this work lies in the systematic comparison of the influence of both the RLHA model’s level of detail (from umped masses to a detailed model with hinged joints) and various static analysis methods on the results for a crane with a flexible suspension. The results will be useful for design engineers, stressstrain analysts, and safety specialists working with lifting equipment in critical industries.

Рассматривается методика применения пакета Maple для моделирования механизмов воспроизведения кривых в инженерном образовании. В отличие от традиционных методов, не обладающих наглядностью, и САПР-систем, работающих как «черный ящик», предложенный подход основан на интеграции символьных вычислений и интерактивной визуализации. Научная новизна заключается в создании «прозрачной» дидактической среды, где студент может отследить прямую связь между параметрами математической модели и поведением механизма. На примерах рычажных и планетарных механизмов показано создание в Maple виртуальных моделей для анализа кинематики. Результаты подтверждают, что методология повышает наглядность обучения, углубляет концептуальное понимание механики и развивает навыки математического моделирования у будущих инженеров.

The article examines the role of physical culture and sports activities as a means of eff ective socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students with a view to their subsequent integration into the learning process at Astrakhan Tatishchev State University. The relevance and signifi cance of this topic is considered, because in the new conditions, a foreign student must overcome the language barrier in a short time, plunge into an unfamiliar socio-cultural environment and follow the curriculum on an equal basis with Russian-speaking students.

Sterlet is a perishable product; therefore, its freshness monitoring and shelf-life evaluation are important. In this study, a series of analytical techniques named physicochemical, microbiological, sensory, colorimetric, and mid-infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies were applied on Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) samples during 18 days of storage at 4 °C. The water content increased from 72.8 g/100 g on day 1 to 77.81 g/100 on day 14. Regarding the peroxide value (PV), the initial value was 4.17 meq/kg of Sterlet on day 1, reaching a maximum on day 4 (4.9 meq/kg of Sterlet), and then it decreased gradually, attaining a value of 0.7 meq/kg of Sterlet on day 18. Generally, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), total viable count (TVC) and psychrotrophic count (PTC) increased during the storage time and increased from 0.03 to 0.13 MDA eq./kg of Sterlet sample, 2.27 to 9.09 log10 CFU/g, and 2.18 to 9.15 log10 CFU/g, respectively, on day 1 and 18, respectively. The microbiological and sensory analyses indicated that Sterlet samples were acceptable for human consumption up to 7 days of storage at 4 °C. This result was confirmed by fluorescence measurements, since the principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the NADH and MIR spectra allowed for a clear differentiation between Sterlet samples aged 7 days or less from the others. This trend was confirmed by the factorial discriminant analysis (FDA) applied to the NADH and MIR spectra, since a correct classification with leave-one cross-validation of 94.44% was observed. In addition, the heatmap of the Pearson correlation coefficients showed high correlations between overall acceptability and microbiology parameters and the structural properties of Sterlet samples during storage, indicating that the modifications observed at the macroscopic level were related to those notedat the molecular scale.

The article presents the results of a socio-philosophical study of the role of the socio-cultural potential of Russia’s national identity in ensuring societal security. The author uses an interdisciplinary methodology combining socio-philosophical, socio-cultural and societal approaches. The result of the study is to identify the components of the socio-cultural potential of Russia’s national identity in the field of ensuring societal security: 1) traditional spiritual and moral values; 2) traditions of peaceful coexistence of representatives of different ethnic groups and religions within a single socio-cultural space and a single state; 3) the importance of the Russian language and national culture of Russia for strengthening national identity and positioning Russia as a country with great culture; 4) the symbolic value of the historical past, developed mechanisms for the preservation and actualization of images and symbols of social (historical) Memory; 5) the “great-power” character of Russia’s political culture, fixed in the national identity, symbolically and institutionally ensuring the sovereignty of the Russian state’s policy, including in the field of security; 6) the defensive nature of Russian culture. The research is carried out taking into account the socio-cognitive correlation of national identity with public consciousness, mentality, the Russian language and social memory. The stable national identity of Russia, harmoniously combining cultural, historical and socio-civil levels, shared by the majority of citizens, is an important factor in ensuring societal security.

The present study reviews the parasite fauna of fishes in the Aral Sea, before, during and after the recent regression and salinization crisis. The native fish fauna was much depleted compared to the nearby Caspian Sea, comprising only 20 spp., all having a freshwater origin. The parasite fauna was similarly poorer, both in total species number and when considering parasites infesting individual species. Some fish species and parasites were introduced during the 20th century. Species introduction of fish and progressive salinization in the latter half of the 20th century interacted in various ways, occasionally favouring the spread of parasites. During the salinization parasites with endoparasitic lifecycles endured longer than many ectoparasites, the latter being constantly exposed to the salty water. But all parasites eventually suffered when the salinity tolerance of their free-swimming larvae was exceeded. Predation on zooplankton by introduced fish also temporarily impacted the free larvae of crustacean parasites, causing a decline. Alternatively, introduced fish that were prey to larger species could act to transmit parasites. All the parasites in the southern Large Aral Sea ultimately disappeared, either because their hosts were gone or because of an inability to endure high salinity. Many of the original fish species have now naturally repopulated the reconstituted Small Aral Sea, forming the basis of a renewed commercial fishery. As a result, some parts of the original parasite fauna have also reappeared together with some newly introduced species. The present study highlights the complex, sometimes unexpected, manner in which hosts and parasites can interact during a progressive ecological crisis. We emphasize that they must be an integral part of any sustainable ecological management of lakes and reservoirs. In the framework of revived fisheries and emerging aquaculture, we suggest a system for sound monitoring and control of fish parasites in the Aral Sea system.