Atac (United States)

The Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) initiatives reduce access to some of the traditional methods of customizing systems for better testing. Testing of embedded systems has often been aided by providing special access to test data. In mission critical and high value real time embedded systems (DOD, nuclear, telephony, transportation, etc.) special "hooks" have been provided to assist software and system testing. A broad set of requirements with emphasis on real time embedded systems is provided, followed by some of the past and current methods of meeting these requirements. Some emphasis is placed on the payoff for instrumenting embedded systems and some possible ways to move forward given the limitations of present COTS processors.

As more complex devices with higher levels of integration are inserted into real-time systems, traditional testing methods are becoming obsolete. The most difficult obstacle to thorough testing of real time embedded systems is the lack of visibility into the operations of processing elements while application software is executing. It is now possible to design and implement processors for embedded applications that are binary compatible with commercial instruction sets and have specific features for visibility to facilitate the test, debug, and maintenance of real-time processing systems. These features include Real Time Non-intrusive Instrumentation (RTNI) and Behavioral Verification Technology/sup TM/ (BVT/sup TM/) and do not interfere in any way in the operation of the system. RTNI increases developer productivity by enabling direct observation of processor operation during system development, support and maintenance. BVT is used to automatically test the correct functional behavior of the integrated hardware and software against the system specification. The combination of RTNI and BVT significantly reduces system validation time, risk and cost, while increasing the coverage and assurance level. These features can be implemented in processors that are very high performance, low power, commercial grade, or radiation-hardened. Application of this approach is underway in the development of processors for military and commercial applications.