Atomic Energy Commission of Syria

Abstract Motivation : The human gut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining health and preventing disease. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiome composition in healthy individuals using integrated bioinformatics tools.We analyzed gut microbiota samples from ten healthy individuals using UGENE software, employing taxonomy tools such as Kraken, DIAMOND, and MetaPhlan. Alpha diversity indices, including the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, were calculated. Correlation analyses were performed to explore relationships between microbial diversity, age, and geographic living conditions. Results : The gut microbiome showed significant diversity across samples. Alpha diversity indices indicated high microbial diversity, which tended to decrease with age. Individuals living in mountainous regions exhibited lower diversity than those in villages.This study highlights the complex diversity of the human gut microbiome and its variation with age and geographic location. The presence of both indigenous microbiota and pathobionts genera can lead to possible dysbiosis within the gut ecosystem. High microbial diversity is associated with better health outcomes, emphasizing its importance in maintaining gut health. Future research should aim to further elucidate the functional roles of these microbial communities.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41862.].

A palm top plasma focus (PF) device (100 J, 5 kV, 59 kA, ~1.5 kg) with tapered anode was demonstrated in a study earlier by (Rout et al., 2013). To simulate that device, we use the Lee code (RADPFV5.16). The computed current trace is fit to Rout’s measured current trace at 2.25 Torr deuterium (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D} _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) gas. The best-fit values of the model parameters are found as <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{m} = 0.11, f_{c} = 0.73, f_{\text {mr}} = 0.245, f_{\text {cr}} = 0.78$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Having fixed these parameters, the computed neutron yields (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Y} _{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.12\times 10^{4}, 1.72\times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.24\times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> neutrons/shot are found to be comparable with the measured values (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.2~\pm ~0.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2~\pm ~0.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.2~\pm ~0.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at (2.25 Torr, 5 kV), (1.875 Torr, 4 kV), and (1.5 Torr, 3 kV), respectively. The remarkable agreement shows the reliability of the code. Numerical studies are extended with anode length and taper size optimization, corresponding to the pressure range (2–3.5) Torr of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D} _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The optimum <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Y} _{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.56\times 10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is found at 2.55 Torr which is three times greater than the highest measured value [(<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.2~\pm ~0.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>] at 2.25 Torr, 5 kV. At this optimized configuration, using deuterium-tritium (1:1) as the operating gas, the neutron yield is computed to increase to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{7}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, about 100 times greater than the computed yield with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D} _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In addition, we found that reducing the stray inductance <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L} _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the device from its present value of 30 to 16 nH, the D-D neutron yield is increased from computed value of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.56\times 10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.58\times 10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsNucleophosmin (NPM1) gene mutations occur in approximately 30%–35% of individuals with an initial diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mutations in this gene have been reported in 50%–60% of AML patients with a normal karyotype. These mutations help to distinguish clinicopathological and molecular features, setting them apart as a unique subset within the heterogeneous landscape of AML. In the present study, we investigated the frequency and clinical impact of NPM1mut in 100 newly diagnosed adult Syrian patients with AML‐normal karyotype (NK) using direct sequencing.MethodsWe analyzed 100 AML‐NK patients using direct sequencing to assess the prevalence and clinical impact of NPM1 mutations, as well as the co‐occurrence of FLT3‐ITD and DNMT3A mutations.ResultsOur results revealed that the prevalence of NPM1mut was 22% among the patients; 86.4% of these mutations were type A (NM_002520.5:c.860‐863dupTCTG), while 13.6% were de novo mutations (c.863_864insCCTG, p.Trp288CysfsTer12), (c.861_862dup, p.Trp288SerfsTer13), and (c.863_864insCCGG, p.Trp288CysfsTer12). Among our patients, 22% exhibited NPM1mut, with 7% also harboring FLT3‐ITDmut and 2% having DNMT3Amut. The presence of NPM1mut was correlated with a statistically significant increase in bone marrow blast percentage (p = 0.017). Notably, patients with NPM1mut displayed significantly higher mortality rates, with 72.7% succumbing to the disease compared to 29.5% of patients without NPM1mut (p < 0.001). Furthermore, our results showed that when the overall survival (OS) time exceeded 8.35 months, the likelihood of NPM1 wild‐type status was greater.ConclusionThe evaluation of NPM1mut and co‐mutation has consistently demonstrated remarkable prognostic significance in AML, suggesting the potential for improved response rates, extended disease‐free periods, and OS. Our findings provide valuable insights for understanding molecular leukemogenesis in AML‐NK patients and will aid in clinical diagnosis, prognostic implications, and the development of targeted therapy strategies for Syrian AML patients.

This study was performed to evaluate, by the use of in vitro incubation technique with ruminal liquid and 15N-tracer for 96 h, some perennial range plants (Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Noaea mucronata Forssk, Lavandula angustifolia Mill, Astragalus spinosus Forssk, Capparis spinosa L.) grown naturally on dry rangelands, in terms of rumen microbial nitrogen (M.N), microbial biomass (M.BM), true fermented organic matter (T.F.OM) and quantification of the efficiency of M.N and M.BM synthesis (M.N or M.BM / T.F.OM), and study the effect of polyethylene glycol (P.E.G) on the aforementioned parameters. C. spinosa had the highest (p &lt; 0.05) values of T.F.OM, M.N and M.BM. Microbial N and M.BM values ranged from 0.57 to 0.82 mg g-1 DM and from 6.13 to 9.46 mg g-1 DM, respectively. There were no significant (p &gt; 0.05) differences among plant species in terms of the efficiency of M.N and M.BM synthesis, and the average amounted to 0.282 g and 3.25 g 100 g-1 of truly fermented organic matter, respectively. M.BM and M.N values were negatively correlated with lignin but positively correlated with soluble nitrogen. P.E.G supplementation and the interaction between P.E.G treatment and plant species had no significant (p &gt; 0.05) effect on the estimated parameters.