Austrian Road Safety Board

HighlightsWhat are the main findings?Using 11,399 OpenBikeSensor (OBS) overtaking records linked to Austria’s national GIS road graph (GIP), the study reveals statistically robust patterns in lateral passing distance (LPD) between motor vehicles and cyclists related to infrastructure.LPD is significantly higher in rural areas than in urban ones, with compliance to Austria’s 2023 legal thresholds averaging ~40% in cities (≥1.5 m) and ~19% in rural areas (≥2.0 m). Small but consistent positive correlations were found between LPD and lane width, speed limit, and functional road class.What are the implications of the main findings?The results highlight that road geometry and network hierarchy shape overtaking safety, emphasising the need for more explicit cyclist allocation and physical separation in constrained or high-speed environments.The study demonstrates how sensor-based, GIS-linked nonparametric analysis can support evidence-based road design and policy evaluation regarding safe passing distances.Lateral passing distance (LPD) when motor vehicles overtake cyclists is a key safety metric, yet infrastructure-aware evidence remains limited. This study analyses 11,399 overtaking measurements from Austria’s OpenBikeSensor (OBS) project, spatially linked to the national road graph (GIP), with urban and rural networks examined separately. LPD was treated as a continuous dependent variable, and bivariate relationships were tested using nonparametric methods: Spearman’s rho/Kendall’s tau for metric predictors (speed limit, lane width, number of lanes) and Kruskal–Wallis tests with Dunn–Holm post hoc adjustments for categorical factors (Functional Road Class, Road Configuration, Infrastructure Type). Effect sizes and confidence intervals supported substantive interpretation. LPD was higher in rural than urban contexts, with compliance to Austria’s 2023 legal thresholds averaging 40% in cities (≥1.5 m) and 19% in rural areas (≥2.0 m). Positive correlations were found between LPD and lane width, speed limit, and functional class. The findings highlight infrastructure-sensitive patterns in sensor-generated LPD and emphasise the importance of clear cyclist allocation or physical separation, especially where high speeds or spatial constraints increase close-passing risk.

Abstract. The exponential growth of Earth Observation (EO) data generated by satellites demands scalable, efficient, and interoperable methods not only for storing and managing, but also for distributing data packages tailored to diverse use cases. The Open Container Initiative (OCI) registries, together with the OCI artifact specifications, present a promising framework for packaging, exchanging, and managing EO-derived and combined datasets. Originally developed for software containers, OCI registries offer key capabilities such as content-addressable storage, data integrity verification, cryptographic attestation, layered packaging, and version control. A notable advantage is their ability to act as access gateways—enforcing access control at the artifact level without requiring direct exposure of the underlying storage backends (e.g., S3, GCS, Azure Blob, NFS, Ceph, IPFS). The ubiquity of OCI registries—spanning public platforms, managed enterprise services, and open-source deployments—makes them a practical foundation for distributing EO data across heterogeneous environments without custom infrastructure. This paper investigates the applicability of today’s OCI registry ecosystem to EO data pipelines, evaluating both strengths and current limitations in handling large, complex, and dynamic datasets. We explore design conventions and layout strategies to align EO products with the OCI artifact model, with a focus on metadata representation, access efficiency, and storage reuse. By comparing self-contained data packages with modular, layered asset stores, we highlight trade-offs in retrieval performance, interoperability, and client complexity. Recent trends in machine learning model distribution further underscore the growing relevance of OCI-based artifacts for scientific and geospatial workflows. Ultimately, this research positions OCI artifacts as a viable foundation for scalable, standards-aligned, and interoperable EO data handling—paving the way toward more streamlined and resilient data supply chains in the EO domain.

Background Gait analysis systems serve as important tools for assessing disturbed gait patterns. Amongst other factors, functional limitations of the shoulder joint may relate to such disturbances. Patient-reported outcome measures, assessment of pain, and active range of motion are commonly used to describe shoulder impairment. Purpose The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the impact of unilateral limitations of shoulder mobility and pain on gait patterns and to detect correlations between pain, shoulder mobility, and particular phases of human gait using a Zebris gait analysis system. Methods 20 subjects with unilaterally restricted mobility and pain of the affected shoulder and a control group of 10 healthy subjects underwent a gait analysis. Various gait parameters, the DASH score, pain at rest and movement of the affected shoulder, and the active range of motion (aROM) for shoulder flexion and abduction were recorded. Results We determined significant differences of the duration of the loading response (p = 0.021), midstance (p = 0.033), and the terminal stance phase (p = 0.019) between the shoulder group and the control group, with a shorter loading response phase and a longer terminal stance phase of the affected side in the shoulder group. In the shoulder group, we found significant correlations between the DASH and the duration of the midstance phase (p = 0.023) and the terminal stance phase (p = 0.038). In addition, there was a significant correlation between shoulder flexion and the duration of the midstance phase (p = 0.047).

Process Safety ProgressVolume 40, Issue 3 p. 182-182 BOOK REVIEW What Went Wrong? Case Histories of Process Plant Disasters and How They Could Have Been Avoided Lisa A. Long, Corresponding Author Lisa A. Long lisa@bwbear.com orcid.org/0000-0002-9162-7970 Process Safety Progress, Editorial Board, USAlisa@bwbear.comSearch for more papers by this author Lisa A. Long, Corresponding Author Lisa A. Long lisa@bwbear.com orcid.org/0000-0002-9162-7970 Process Safety Progress, Editorial Board, USAlisa@bwbear.comSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 February 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12245Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume40, Issue3September 2021Pages 182-182 RelatedInformation

This tutorial E-book is based on the long-standing experience of teaching railway operations and signalling at TU Braunschweig and other universities and higher vocational training institutions in different parts of the world. It explains the fundamental principles all railway signalling systems have in common. This is done in a generic way that does not focus on specific national solutions. It covers basic elements and terms, principles for safe train separation, interlocking principles, automatic train protection, and level crossing protection. It also contains a glossary with definitions of relevant terms.

Zusammenfassung Damit nachhaltige Mobilität im Tourismus nicht nur eine Vision bleibt, benötigt es maßgeschneiderte Mobilitätsangebote, die auch die „letzte Meile“ mit berücksichtigen. Dies ist der Schwerpunkt des Interreg Europe Projektes LAST MILE, das unter österreichischer Leitung regionale Strategien für ländliche touristische Regionen beleuchtet. Innovativ ist darin die intensive Auseinandersetzung mit den notwendigen rechtlichen, institutionellen und ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen. Darauf aufbauend entwickeln die Projektregionen nun konkrete Strategien um Barrieren für die Realisierung niederschwelliger flexibler Lösungen abzubauen.