Autonomous University of Chiapas

Las inundaciones, contaminación y crisis medioambiental en las ciudades, se deben en gran medida a un mal manejo de los residuos sólidos urbanos. Un problema para el que ya existen soluciones, como el uso de las tecnologías de información geográfica (TIG). Con estas herramientas es posible optimizar las rutas de recolección, seleccionar sitios de disposición final y monitorear el entorno con drones y sistemas de información espacial. Avanzar en su desarrollo es imperativo, pero requiere que gobierno, academia, sector privado y sociedad civil colaboren en favor de una gestión de residuos más tecnificada.

Nasopharyngeal myiasis is a rare parasitic disease caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A 12-year-old adolescent presented with a lesion caused by a fly entering the left nostril, characterised by the emergence of larvae. Sinus tomography documented inflammatory changes consistent with ethmoid-maxillary sinusitis in the left nasal cavity and parapharyngeal abscess. Treatment included ivermectin for myiasis, clindamycin and cefotaxime for the abscess, and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for cleaning and debridement. The patient's clinical course was favourable after multidisciplinary treatment, and she was discharged after improvement.

Fruit softening in Carica papaya L. is a significant postharvest limitation, primarily driven by the dynamic remodeling of cell wall polysaccharides. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification and in silico characterization of gene families involved in cell wall assembly and disassembly in papaya. A total of 181 genes were identified and classified into metabolic pathways: hemicellulose (58), pectin (69), extensin (24), expansin (13), and cellulose (17). These genes encode 176 predicted proteins, ranging in size from 100 to 1093 amino acids, featuring family-specific catalytic domains, including glycosyl hydrolases, transferases, and serine/threonine kinases. Phylogenetic analyses revealed strong conservation within the expansin-A and pectin polygalacturonase subfamilies, while hemicellulose-related XTH genes exhibited significant diversification. Experimental validation of nine XTH members confirmed this diversification, with amplicons ranging from 322 to 1370 bp, consistent with computational predictions. Notably, CpXTH1 and CpXTH32 produced bands of approximately 1200 and 1400 bp, respectively. These findings underscore the complexity of papaya cell wall gene families and provide a molecular framework for understanding fruit softening. Given that postharvest losses of papaya in Mexico exceed 34.7% of production (approximately 150,000 tons annually), our results offer valuable genomic resources for biotechnological strategies aimed at extending shelf life and reducing economic losses.

Male turkeys are raised mainly for meat production due to their high carcass yields and good capacity to convert food into meat. However, their carcass characteristics remain poorly understood. The objective of the study was to describe the carcass traits of 45 male native Mexican turkeys raised in the municipality of Champoton, Mexico, using principal component analysis (PCA). Fourteen carcass traits, namely, slaughter weight (SW), hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW), dressing percentage (DP), neck weight (NEW), foot weight (FEW), breast weight (BRW), thigh weight (THW), drumstick weight (DRW), wing weight (WIW), back weight (BAW), gizzard weight (GIW), heart weight (HEW), and liver weight (LIW), were collected. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships among carcass variables, with the highest correlations observed between CCW and HCW (r = 0.99; p < 0.001), SW and HCW (r = 0.98; p < 0.001), and SW and CCW (r = 0.98; p < 0.001). Hierarchical clustering identified four main groups of variables with similar correlation patterns. Three principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues greater than 1.0 were extracted, explaining 85.48% of the total variance in carcass traits. The first principal component (PC1) contributed 72.81% of the total variation (eigenvalue = 10.19), with high loadings (>0.70) for CCW (0.98), HCW (0.98), SW (0.98), DRW (0.95), BRW (0.91), WIW (0.90), THW (0.89), HEW (0.87), BAW (0.81), and FEW (0.82), representing a general size factor. PC2 explained 6.86% of the variance (eigenvalue = 0.96), characterized by a negative loading for DP (−0.64) and positive loadings for GIW (0.35) and LIW (0.34). PC3 accounted for 5.81% of the variance (eigenvalue = 0.81), with a negative loading for LIW (−0.63) and positive loadings for NEW (0.51) and FEW (0.46). Communality values exceeded 0.85 for all variables, indicating adequate representation in the reduced dimensional space. It was concluded that PCA effectively reduced dimensionality while retaining 85.48% of original information and can be used for the improvement of the carcass traits of male native Mexican turkey breeding programs.

Hay un creciente interés en la industria alimentaria por los frutos de mangostán y la superficie cultivada en la región del Soconusco, Chiapas, ha aumentado, sin embargo, no se ha realizado ningún estudio sobre las características físico-morfológicas de los frutos producidos en la región. El presente estudio describe características físicas-morfológicas del fruto de 10 genotipos de mangostán cultivados en Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas y utilizando análisis descriptivo, conglomerados y discriminante canónico se definieron materiales promisorios para futuros programas de mejoramiento genético. Los frutos fueron almacenados a 23 °C, 70% H.R. y se analizaron completamente al azar a los 0, 3, 6, 9 y 12 días después de su cosecha. La masa del fruto varió de 66 a 85 g, el diámetro fue de 6 a 8 cm; la firmeza en pulpa y cáscara incrementó durante la poscosecha de 1.3 a 2.4 N y 14.5 a 35 N respectivamente; durante la maduración, el color de los frutos mostró tendencia entre rojo y morado (h= 15 y 26) con baja luminosidad (L* entre 24 y 32) y opacos (C* entre 3 y 16). Se formaron tres grupos de árboles con 3, 5 y 2 integrantes, de acuerdo con el análisis de agrupamiento, basado principalmente en la masa y diámetro de fruto, grosor de cáscara, peso de cáscara y ancho y peso de semilla. Los grupos 1 y 3 presentaron las mejores características de calidad por lo que muestran potencial para su mejoramiento genético. PALABRAS CLAVE: Caracterización morfológica, Garcinia mangostana, firmeza, color, fruto

Abstract Chayote [ Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.] is a vegetable with increasing export potential, cultivated in Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, India, China, Japan, and more recently, in several European countries. The fruit is primarily consumed at its horticultural maturity stage. This species displays high morphological variability in terms of shape, size, color, and ripening indices. Despite its growing international trade relevance, current regulatory standards such as CODEX STAN 216–1999 and NMX-FF-047-1996 do not include nine commercially important varieties. To support the development and updating of standardization and metrology parameters, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted. This included morphometric traits, nutritional composition, health indicators, fruit color, shape, size, weight, firmness, presence of spines, germination behavior, physical defects, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid content, proximate analysis, and flavor profile. All fruits were obtained from a uniform agroclimatic origin using statistically representative sampling. The results revealed significant quantitative differences among varieties, supporting the need to revise and expand existing quality standards. Standardized maximum, average, and minimum values were established for key parameters including fruit type (A, B, C, D), size grade, commercial category (Extra, I, II, III), caliber-weight classification (B, M, S, VS), color metrics (L*, Chroma, Hue), mineral content (with and without epidermis), minimum biochemical thresholds, flavor (neutral, sweet, bitter), germination capacity, harvest index, and defect typology. This study provides the technical foundation to update current norms and to regulate the quality of Sechium edule fruits, particularly for varieties not currently recognized in international standards, thereby enhancing their access to global markets.

Multimorbidity has become a defining challenge for internal medicine, characterized by the coexistence of multiple chronic diseases and shaped by functional decline, treatment burden, and socioeconomic vulnerability. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on the epidemiology, clinical consequences, and health-system implications of multimorbidity, with a particular focus on Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador. Findings demonstrate steep age-related increases in prevalence, strong associations with mortality, hospitalization, disability, and elevated costs, and significant variability driven by methodological differences and inequities in access to care. Functional impairment consistently emerges as a central predictor of adverse outcomes, underscoring the need for geriatric-informed, person-centered approaches. Despite extensive observational research, interventional and policy-oriented studies remain limited, especially in middle-income settings. The review highlights the urgent need for integrated care models, improved coordination between internal medicine and primary care, and equity-oriented policies capable of responding to the complex trajectories of multimorbidity. By integrating theoretical, epidemiological, and health-system perspectives, this study provides a foundation for advancing research, guiding clinical decision-making, and informing system reforms in Latin American internal medicine.

The majority of maize-based foods are produced via nixtamalization, which includes toasted tortillas (tostadas). Women artisanal producers in Chiapas, Mexico, have refined key quality parameters, such as texture and resistant starch content, by using native maize varieties that preserve traditional traits. Nixtamalization modifies maize functionality through the formation of resistant starch, which resists digestion and supports beneficial colonic microbiota via short-chain fatty acid production. This study aimed to evaluate the functional, sensory, and structural properties of tostadas that were prepared via two cooking processes using native maize from Chiapas. In this research, starch gelatinization was achieved through three different processes: traditional nixtamalization (control), short boiling, and full boiling. The resulting tostadas were: nixtamalized corn tostadas (NCT), partially-burst tostadas (PBT), and fully-burst tostadas (FBT), respectively. Tostada sensory attributes were analyzed by a trained panel that assessed multiple parameters, namely crunchiness, fracturability, hardness, corn aroma, nixtamal aroma, corn taste, nixtamal taste, and stickiness. On the other hand, consumer testing was used to evaluate chewing parameters. Partially-burst tostada (PBT) and fully-burst tostada (FBT) exhibited structural, functional, and sensory properties that are associated with the sensation of satiety and liking. Corn races did not have a statistically significant effect on the rheological or sensory properties of tostadas. However, the nixtamalization method significantly influenced stickiness and taste parameters. Stickiness intensity (4.50) and eating rate (62.66 g/min) for FBT were statistically different from PBT’s respective values (3.75 and 56.12 g/min). These characteristics favor the chewing process. When maize is cooked for longer periods, the peak of amylose–lipid complexes is more easily detected. Resistant starch in FBT was higher (5.6%) than in PBT and NCT, which were 3.7% and 2.4%, respectively. Key tostada quality parameters, such as chewiness and sensory characteristics, correlated well with the structural and rheological properties of the modified starch (partial gelatinization) formed during tostada preparation.

Este artículo analiza 49 sentencias de la Sala Superior del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación dictadas durante el proceso electoral 2023-2024 para examinar cómo se delimita la frontera entre libertad de expresión y violencia política contra las mujeres en razón de género en entornos digitales. Con una estrategia de análisis mixto —descriptiva y cualitativa—, el estudio muestra que la Sala protege de forma reforzada la crítica política y periodística cuando versa sobre desempeño o interés público y no se ancla al género, pero limita la libertad de expresión cuando identifica estereotipos de subordinación, sexualización u ornamento con efecto diferenciado en la participación o la equidad. La multimodalidad y la reiteración elevan la carga simbólica y el escrutinio. “Violencia simbólica” es una categoría persuasiva cuando la decisión explicita el estereotipo, contextualiza el lenguaje y vincula el mensaje con una afectación funcional de derechos.

Se modeló el cambio de uso del suelo en el Oriente de Tabasco (OT) con el módulo Land Change Modeler (LCM) for ecological sustainability del software TerrSet liberaGIS®, durante el periodo 2000-2019. Además, se creó un escenario probabilístico y espacial (2030) mediante Cadenas de Markov y Autómatas celulares. Los resultados indicaron que durante 2000 y 2019 dominaron los usos agropecuarios y forestales, que en conjunto representaron 60 %; el resto de las coberturas cubrieron poca superficie: cuerpo de agua y humedal (7.9 %), selva alta perennifolia (5 %), selva mediana perennifolia y subperennifolia (2.4 %), selva baja inundable (2.6 %), y acahual (14.8 %). En la proyección espacial a 2030, se observó un ligero crecimiento de los usos agropecuarios (60.3 %), el aumento de los asentamientos humanos (1.5 %), y de la palma de aceite (2.1 %). No obstante que, las actividades productivas continuarán siendo dominantes; sobresale que las selvas altas, medias y bajas permanecerán estables con 5.2, 2.8 y 2.6 %; contrario a la situación de los cuerpos de agua y humedales, que seguirán perdiendo superficies importantes, tal como lo indica la proyección espacial. Para conservar los remanentes de selvas y humedales que aún existen, es importante que los ordenamientos ecológicos tengan criterios claros de regulación ecológica y la visión de desarrollo sostenible. Asimismo, se debe fortalecer la conservación, restauración y aprovechamiento sostenible del Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Cañón del Usumacinta, y de la Reserva de la Biosfera Wanha'.