Autonomous University of Guerrero

Most tropical coastal lagoons are currently greatly impacted by anthropogenic activities that promote the emergence of parasite diseases in aquatic organisms. This is because water is a medium necessary for the transmission of larval stages of many parasite species. A total of 433 specimens of Mugil curema (Valenciennes, 1836) were collected between April and October of 2024 from five coastal lagoons exposed to different levels of anthropogenic impact in Guerrero, Mexico. The main objective was to determine the effect of local environmental factors on the structuring of parasite communities of this fish. Fifteen species of parasites were identified: one of Monogenea (adult), five Digenea (two adults and three larvae), three Acanthocephala (one adult and two juvenile), one Cestoda (larvae), two Nematoda (one adult and one larvae), and three Crustacea (two copepods and one branchyuran). Three parasite species were classified as specialist of mugilid fish ( Ligophorus sp., Floridocentis pacifica , and Ergasilus lizae ), and the remaining species were generalist parasites acquired by the host, during its stay in the coastal lagoons. Five allogenic species that use ichthyophagous birds as definitive hosts represented 87% of the total parasites recovered, thereby highlighting the importance of this species of fish as an intermediate host for these parasites. The component communities and the infracommunities of M. curema exhibited a similar pattern: low numbers of species, low diversity, and high dominance by a single parasite species [the heterophyid Ascocotyle ( Phagicola ) longa ]. Species composition and structure of the component parasite communities were strongly influenced by the physical and environmental characteristics of each coastal lagoon as surface area, salinity, oxygen and phosphate concentrations, and pH.

Background: Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with worse rheumatoid arthritis (RA) manifestations. Notably, different genetic studies have reported that approximately 65% of hypovitaminosis D can be partially explained using the presence of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in key genes involved in its metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the association and gene–gene interactions of four SNVs in vitamin D metabolism genes, rs10741657 (CYP2R1), rs10877012 (CYP27B1), rs4809959 (CYP24A1), and rs731236 TaqI (VDR), with hypovitaminosis D, RA, and its clinical disease activity in a Mexican mestizo population. Methods: This study was conducted among females: 204 RA patients and 204 control subjects (CS). Vitamin D serum levels (calcidiol) were analyzed using ELISA, SNVs through allelic discrimination with TaqMan® probes, and were analyzed using a multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. Results: MDR analysis suggested that GG and TT genotypes of rs10877012 (CYP27B1) were linked to lower calcidiol levels, while the CT and CC genotypes of rs731236 TaqI (VDR) were associated with increased RA susceptibility and higher disease activity. Logistic regression confirmed that the GG genotype of rs10877012 (CYP27B1) was associated with hypovitaminosis D (OR = 1.8; CI: 1.1–3.0; p = 0.01), and the CT genotype of rs731236 TaqI (VDR) with RA (OR = 1.9; CI: 1.2–2.9; p < 0.01) and high DAS28-ESR (OR = 3.6; CI: 1.3–10.7; p < 0.01). Conclusions: The GG genotype of rs10877012 CYP27B1 was associated with susceptibility to hypovitaminosis D, whereas the CT genotype of rs731236 TaqI VDR confers susceptibility to RA and high clinical disease activity in the Mexican mestizo population.

ABSTRACTFractals have been studied in areas such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, social sciences, computing, economics, and biology. Fractal networks have many interesting properties, such as recursive self‐similarity, that are present in many real networks. In this paper, we study the geometrical and topological properties of fractal networks (the Sierpiński triangle, the Sierpiński carpet, and the Koch snowflake). Furthermore, we establish relationships, in the fractal structures studied, between the geometric properties associated with hyperbolicity and the topological indices.

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo indagar cómo promover el desarrollo del razonamiento variacional y covariacional en estudiantes de un posgrado en Matemática Educativa. Para alcanzar tal objetivo realizamos una investigación de diseño de aula acerca del llenado de recipientes y diseñamos una trayectoria de aprendizaje hipotética cuya meta es promover el desarrollo del razonamiento variacional y covariacional de las variables altura y volumen a través de la medición con reglas y jeringas. Nuestros resultados muestran que la trayectoria de aprendizaje real de uno de los participantes (Luis) confirma nuestra hipótesis de aprendizaje de que la experiencia física del llenado de recipientes y la medición con instrumentos (regla en centímetros para longitud y jeringa en mililitros para volumen) favorece el desarrollo del razonamiento variacional y covariacional a un nivel continuo fragmentado.

ABSTRACTIn this work, we obtain analytical solutions via Laplace transform of fractional electrical circuits by using the proportional Caputo derivative with power law. Numerical simulations were obtained to see the impact of the memory concept represented by the fractional parameter order. Also, we collect a lot of experimental data obtained in our laboratory for an circuit, and for each case, we calculate the value of the fractional‐order by using a particle swarm optimization approach. The results obtained reveals that the experimental data deviate slightly from that obtained in the integer‐order behavior and the application of the proportional Caputo derivative best fits the experimental data.

For decades, dental diagnosis and treatment planning were based on 2-dimensional imaging techniques, which had respective limitations.1 Currently, cone bean tomography can provide detailed information about maxillofacial structures and describe anatomical variations with greater precision.2–4Nowadays, 3-dimensional presurgical planning in oral surgery and implantology are essential to achieve optimal esthetic and functional results in inpatient treatments. Another benefit of adequate and precise digital planning is the reduction of transoperative and postoperative complications derived from injuries to existing anatomical structures in the area to be operated on.2Complications related to mandibular anatomical structures, such as the mental foramen and the lower dental canal, are relatively easy to predict. However, some structures, such as the lingual and lateral lingual foramen, are less common yet must be considered when treatment planning.2 Placing dental implants in the anterior mandible is a relatively safe and common procedure. The incidence of surgical complications in this area is relatively low.5 Although lateral lingual foramen are not so frequent, there are reports of a percentage of presentation of the lateral lingual foramen of 38%.6Lingual lateral foramen presents as emergencies of the lower dental canal that opens toward the lingual cortex behind the canine, giving way to a neurovascular bundle susceptible to injury during procedures in which it is necessary to elevate flaps and make osteotomies of the lingual cortex (removal of the mandibular torus and retained teeth) as well as other preprosthetic surgery procedures and for preparation of alveolar processes that will receive dental implants.2In a review of 25 mandibular volumetric tomography scans, we incidentally found a case of a lateral lingual foramen located between teeth 45 and 46, oval in shape, measuring 2 × 4 mm, and at a distance from the basal edge of 9 mm, which, if injured, could cause complications (Figure).This is why emphasis should be placed on the development of adequate and complete tomographic planning, always considering these nonconstant anatomical structures, even in routine surgeries, such as the removal of lingual torus or impacted teeth, to reduce the risk of complications, such as hemorrhages and paresthesias.No external funding was received. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethics approval not required. The data supporting this study’s findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) infection is associated with several types of cancer, such as head and neck, cervical, anal, and penile cancer. Its oncogenic potential is due to the ability of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins to promote alterations associated with cell transformation. HPV 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins increase metabolic reprogramming, one of the hallmarks of cancer, by increasing the stability of hypoxia-induced factor 1 α (HIF-1α) and consequently increasing the expression levels of their target genes. In this report, by bioinformatic analysis, we show the possible effect of HPV 16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 on metabolic reprogramming in cancer through the E6-E7-PHD2-VHL-CUL2-ELOC-HIF-1α axis. We proposed that E6 and E7 interact with VHL, CUL2, and ELOC in forming the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that ubiquitinates HIF-1α for degradation via the proteasome. Based on the information found in the databases, it is proposed that E6 interacts with VHL by blocking its interaction with HIF-1α. On the other hand, E7 interacts with CUL2 and ELOC, preventing their binding to VHL and RBX1, respectively. Consequently, HIF-1α is stabilized and binds with HIF-1β to form the active HIF1 complex that binds to hypoxia response elements (HREs), allowing the expression of genes related to energy metabolism. In addition, we suggest an effect of E6 and E7 at the level of PHD2, VHL, CUL2, and ELOC gene expression. Here, we propose some miRNAs targeting PHD2, VHL, CUL2, and ELOC mRNAs. The effect of E6 and E7 may be the non-hydroxylation and non-ubiquitination of HIF-1α, which may regulate metabolic processes involved in metabolic reprogramming in cancer upon stabilization, non-degradation, and translocation to the nucleus.

Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the rates of prevalence and recurrence of TVT infection in owned dogs, as well as the distribution of the disease, in Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero, Mexico. Methods: This work was an observational, descriptive, longitudinal study. A TVT diagnosis was performed in all dogs in the community based on clinical records, a physical examination, and a cytological evaluation, and further confirmed by histopathology. Tissue samples were surgically obtained for histopathological analysis and, when required, to remove tumors and give treatment with vincristine; a GPS system was used to identify possible spatial groupings. All cases were re-evaluated one year after. Results: A prevalence of 5.15% was found in 1047 dogs (512 females and 535 males; 25 positive females and 29 positive males). TVT infection was more frequent in 2–3-years-old dogs. A spatial aggregation pattern was observed in the local cases. One year after, no lesions were found in the 29 animals treated. Conclusion: TVT is a common disease, and its distribution suggests its aggregation in certain areas of the locality. Further studies on the dynamics of dog populations in small cities are required.

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar las conexiones matemáticas que establecieron cuatro estudiantes mexicanos de primer semestre de bachillerato cuando resolvieron tareas que involucraban a la ecuación lineal. Esta investigación es cualitativa, específicamente, es un estudio de casos que emplea como marco conceptual a las conexiones matemáticas. Para recolectar los datos se aplicaron cinco tareas mediadas por el software GeoGebra y se videograbaron los momentos en los que se socializaron algunas de las respuestas de los estudiantes. Estos datos se analizaron empleando el análisis temático. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes establecieron la conexión extra-matemática de modelado y las conexiones intra-matemáticas de tipo característica, significado, representaciones diferentes y procedimental, siendo las dos últimas las más frecuentes. Finalmente, se afirma que el uso del modelo de equilibrio, en tareas mediadas por GeoGebra y que promueven conexiones matemáticas, contribuye a que los estudiantes analicen la relación de igualdad al trabajar con ecuaciones lineales.

In the framework of Clifford analysis, we study a second‐order elliptic (generally nonstrongly elliptic) system of partial differential equations of the form: , where stands for the Dirac operator with respect to a structural set . The solutions of this system are known as ‐inframonogenic functions. Our main purpose is to describe necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of a ‐problem associated with the sandwich operator .