BMT Group (United States)

Expression of vertebrate genes is regulated by chemical modifications made directly to the DNA or to the proteins associated with it, termed epigenetics. Because retroviruses integrate into DNA, they are subject to the same epigenetic modifications as regular genes.Retroviruses will tend to endogenize, meaning they will become a permanent part of a species' genome when their hidden DNA is passed down to progeny during reproduction. However, sometimes it is difficult to discern whether a retroviral sequence is endogenous (permanently fixed) or exogenous (an infectious entity). We hypothesized that changes to the retroviral sequences over time after endogenization would result from epigenetic modifications, and that these changes could help distinguish an endogenous retrovirus from an exogenous one. In this paper, we show that changes to the viral sequences associated with epigenetics indeed take place after endogenization.

Introduction and Objective: Habit theory describes context stability as important for the development of habit automaticity, but its role in insulin habit automaticity and adherence is unknown. The objective of the study was to examine the roles of context and context stability on insulin habit automaticity and adherence in adults with T1D. Methods: Adults with T1D (N = 63) completed a 7-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol using a time-contingent prompt schedule corresponding to approximate mealtimes (morning, afternoon, and evening). Physical, social, and emotional contexts were assessed at each timepoint. Generalized linear mixed-effects models tested associations between specific contexts with momentary insulin habit automaticity and insulin adherence. Spearman correlations were used to assess the strength of associations of context stability with insulin habit automaticity and insulin adherence. Results: The median age of the sample was 49 years, 58.7% were female, 96.8% were using a pump and CGM, and 76.3% were using automated insulin delivery. Feeling fatigued, stressed, and depressed reduced the likelihood of adherence to insulin but were not associated with automaticity. Those who reported feeling stressed were 56% less likely to adhere to insulin compared to those who reported no stress at all. As the extent of feeling fatigued increased, the likelihood of adherence decreased. More stable emotional contexts were associated with higher insulin habit automaticity scores and with greater insulin adherence. Greater stability in emotional context was also associated with less variability in both insulin habit automaticity and insulin adherence. Social context demonstrated a similar pattern of associations to that of emotional context for adherence but not for automaticity. Conclusion: Negative emotional contexts and emotional context stability appear to be important in insulin adherence and insulin habit automaticity. Disclosure J.Y. Stone: None. M.S. Dietrich: None. L.S. Mayberry: None. K. Clouse: None. S.A. Mulvaney: None. Funding Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (UL1 TR002243)

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced changes to all areas of education. Educators have been required to rise to the occasion and manage the crisis in an inordinately short period of time. Despite this, peer reviewers of the journal have graciously continued to review papers. This editorial acknowledges the editorial board and peer reviewers and their service to the journal during a tumultuous time.

Angolan economy has undergone significant changes in the last 15 years, impacting the labor market and significantly increasing informality. From 2002 to 2017, there was a shrinking on the participation of the sector which allows to evidence the status of enclave of the economy, that is, the oil sector, and an increase in activities related to trade. Changes occurred in the sectoral structure but did not slip in the composition of profits-wages, that is, the workers did not take much advantage of these modifications. In 2002 profits and interest represented 76% of national income while wages 23%, did not vary much 15 years later, 76% and 24% respectively.

Abstract Fifty years ago the Line Islands Experiment was launched to obtain in situ surface, soundings, and aircraft observations in a convectively active region of the tropical oceans close to the nadir point of the new geosynchronous meteorological satellite. Two related tropical field experiments, in 1968 and 1969, followed in the vicinity of Barbados in the western Atlantic. Component parts of these three field experiments are recalled in this presentation that resonated over the subsequent half century.

This editorial acknowledges the important contributions that the editorial board and peer reviewers make to the journal and thanks those people who volunteered as reviewers this year.

Li, Fanny; Edna, Miao; Kang, Kara; Wilson, Li; Thornton, Kevin; Bouajram, Rima Author Information

Annual planning is still done in most organizations. How much planning is done, and whether the plans are roughly right or precisely wrong is the key to pulling agility into the strategic and annual planning processes.