BRCR Global (Peru)

ABSTRACTBackgroundFew trials have examined the effects of coconut oil consumption in comparison with polyunsaturated fatty acid–rich oils such as corn oil.ObjectiveThis trial assessed the effects of consuming foods made with corn oil compared with coconut oil on lipids, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation.MethodsThis was a preliminary randomized crossover study of men (n = 12) and women (n = 13) with a mean age of 45.2 y, mean body mass index (in kg/m2) of 27.7, fasting LDL cholesterol ≥115 mg/dL and <190 mg/dL, and triglycerides (TGs) ≤375 mg/dL. Subjects consumed muffins and rolls providing 4 tablespoons (∼54 g) per day of corn oil or coconut oil as part of their habitual diets for 4 wk, with a 3-wk washout between conditions. Fasting plasma lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and glucose metabolism were assessed via an intravenous glucose tolerance test at baseline and 15 and 29 d of treatment. Responses were compared between treatments by ANCOVA.ResultsMedian baseline concentrations of LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol (total-C), HDL cholesterol, total-C:HDL cholesterol, and TGs were 123, 144, 188, 46.0, 4.21, and 92.5 mg/dL, respectively. Changes from baseline for corn oil and coconut oil conditions, respectively, were: LDL cholesterol (primary outcome; −2.7% compared with +4.6%), non-HDL cholesterol (−3.0% compared with +5.8%), total-C (−0.5% compared with +7.1%), HDL cholesterol (+5.4% compared with +6.5%), total-C:HDL cholesterol (−4.3% compared with −3.3%), and TGs (−2.1% compared with +6.0%). Non-HDL cholesterol responses were significantly different between corn and coconut oil conditions (P = 0.034); differences between conditions in total-C and LDL cholesterol approached significance (both P = 0.06). Responses for hs-CRP and carbohydrate homeostasis parameters did not differ significantly between diet conditions.ConclusionsWhen incorporated into the habitual diet, consumption of foods providing ∼54 g of corn oil/d produced a more favorable plasma lipid profile than did coconut oil in adults with elevated cholesterol. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03202654.

The aim of this analysis was to evaluate an insulin sensitivity index (Tura SI) from the short (50 min) insulin‐modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), compared with minimal model analysis of 180 min IVGTT data (MM SI). Subjects, a subset of a clinical trial sample (J Nutr 2012;142:717–723) who agreed to take part in a substudy, included men (n = 8) and women (n = 16), with mean (SD) age 48.9 (9.9) y and body mass index 30.8 (4.9) kg/m2. Participants consumed 0, 15, and 30 g/d high‐amylose resistant starch (RS) for 4 wk each in a double‐blind, randomized, crossover trial. MM SI was assessed after each condition with a 0.3 g/kg IV glucose bolus (t = 0 min) followed by regular human insulin (0.03 U/kg, t = 20 min). Plasma samples were collected at frequent intervals over 180 min. MM SI was calculated with MINMOD MILLENIUM v6.02. Tura SI was calculated as the fractional glucose disappearance rate/mean increment above baseline plasma insulin, both from 10–50 min. MM SI and Tura SI were 3.70 (2.85) and 3.24 (2.17) × 10−4 L/(min*mU), respectively. Median (interquartile limits) % changes from control at 15 g/d RS were 28.3 (−2.7, 85.3; p = 0.005) and 29.2 (−8.3, 74.4; p = 0.01), for MM SI and Tura SI, respectively; 30 g/d RS values were 16.1 (−9.8, 58.9; p = 0.03), and 19.3 (−12.8, 47.6; p = 0.03), for MM SI and Tura SI, respectively. The two indices were highly correlated during each condition: r = 0.957 (control), 0.920 (15 g/d), and 0.958 (30 g/d) (all p &lt;0.001). These results support the use of Tura SI as a less costly and time‐consuming method than MM SI for assessing changes in whole‐body insulin sensitivity.Support or Funding InformationIngredion, Westchester, IL