Baguio Central University

This study explores the influence of social media on tourist preferences, focusing on how digital platforms shape the decision-making process in selecting Baguio City as a travel destination. As social media continues to play a significant role in the dissemination of travel-related content, this research examines the extent to which user-generated content, influencer marketing and visual storytelling affect tourist perceptions and choices. Through a mixed-method approach involving surveys and interviews with both local and international tourists . The findings reveal that platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and other related travel content significantly facebook impacts tourists destination awareness, expectations and motivations. The study concludes that social media acts not only as promotional tool but also as a trusted source of travel inspiration and planning, reinforcing Baguio’s image as a must-vsist location. Recommendations are offered for tourism authorities and businesses to leverage social media more effectively to enhance destination branding and visitor engagement.

O Diabetes mellitus é uma doença metabólica caracterizada por hiperglicemia, resultante de defeitos na secreção de insulina. Essa doença representa um grande desafio para os sistemas de saúde, uma vez que sua prevalência vem aumentando nas últimas décadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar problemas de farmacoterapia em pacientes portadores de Diabetes Mellitus da unidade básica de saúde (UBS) do município de Nova Prata do Iguaçu- Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo de análise quantitativa realizada por meio de consultas farmacêuticas. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados questionários, como o teste de Morisky. Participaram do estudo 50 pacientes, com idade média de 60,6 anos, sendo 58% mulheres. Os dados obtidos mostraram que: 98% dos entrevistados não possuem dificuldades em tomar os medicamentos; 96% toma os medicamentos na hora indicada; 88% dos participantes afirmaram praticar atividade física de forma regular. Portanto, pode-se inferir que grande parte dos participantes se mostraram adeptos ao tratamento medicamentoso. Isso pode ser explicado pela idade média dos mesmos (60,6 anos), visto que idosos possuem maior adesão ao tratamento que jovens. E vale destacar, ainda, os entraves da coleta de dados: a entrevista. Isso porque o entrevistado pode facilmente alterar as repostas, por se sentir constrangido em estar sendo avaliado por um profissional da saúde, e, portanto, responder o que acham ser o correto. Além disso, foi significante a ocorrência de problemas relacionados à farmacoterapia em pacientes diabéticos, principalmente no que diz respeito à problemas de seleção, prescrição e monitoramento farmacoterapêutico. Sugere-se que o profissional farmacêutico é indispensável na realização do serviço de atenção ao paciente na identificação e resolução de problemas relacionados à farmacoterapia, com o objetivo de reduzir desfechos negativos como mortalidade e morbidade, além de melhorar resultados positivos como efetividade no tratamento de condições clínicas.

This study assessed the Home Literacy Environment (HLE) as a foundation for enhancing the literacy skills of learners. Specifically, it examined the status of the HLE in terms of physical environment, parent literacy habits, child literacy habits, parent–child interaction, and parental beliefs, as well as the learners’ literacy skills in word recognition, sentence reading, reading fluency, and comprehension. The study employed a descriptive–correlational research design and was conducted in a public elementary school setting. Using total sampling technique, the respondents consisted of five Grade Two teachers and 157 parents of Grade Two learners. Data were gathered through a Survey Questionnaire for Parents adapted from Buvaneswari and Padakannaya and the Comprehensive Rapid Literacy Assessment (CRLA) developed by Tancioco and Ortega-Dela Cruz. Statistical tools included frequency counts, percentages, weighted mean, and Pearson Product–Moment Correlation Coefficient. Findings revealed that the home literacy environment was generally supportive of literacy development, and learners demonstrated stronger foundational reading skills than higher-level reading competencies. The results indicated that home literacy conditions contributed meaningfully to learners’ reading development. The study concluded that strengthening home–school collaboration is essential in improving early literacy outcomes. Based on the findings, a Literacy Skills Enhancement Plan was proposed to reinforce parental involvement and support school- based literacy instruction.

This article reviews various claims in enhancing multiplication skills of learners through skip counting on a visual manipulative number line and evaluates its contributions within the broader discourse on mathematics education, visual-manipulative learning, and foundational numeracy development. Anchored in contemporary learning theories–including experiential learning, constructivism, sociocultural theory, discovery learning, and cognitive load theory–the study explores how skip counting using visual-manipulative number lines can enhance multiplication understanding among Grade 4 learners. Global and local literature increasingly affirms that manipulatives and structured visual representations strengthen conceptual understanding, reduce cognitive load, and support long-term retention of mathematical ideas. However, gaps persist in synthesizing international findings and contextualizing them to Philippine educational realities, where persistent numeracy challenges continue to surface in national and international assessments. The review concludes with recommendations for teaching practice, curriculum development, and future research, emphasizing the need for pedagogically sound, research-based, and context-responsive approaches to multiplication instruction in Philippine basic education.

This study investigated how students' strategic decision-making processes are influenced by market-driven factors in choosing their Senior High School tracks. This involved the one hundred one (101) Grade 10 students of Tadian School of Arts and Trades, who served as respondents of the study. The questionnaire was the main instrument in gathering the needed data in the study. This study came up with the following findings: The extent of influence of prevailing market-driven factors on Senior High School (SHS) track selection among students is very influential. The frequency with which schools incorporate labor market demands into their planning and guidance practices is interpreted as always. Furthermore, the level of impact of the challenges faced by students in aligning their SHS track choices with labor market needs is categorized as high impact. Lastly, the degree of need for strategic interventions to ensure alignment between SHS tracks and current labor market demands is deemed highly needed. Based on the findings of the study, the following were the conclusions drawn: Prevailing market-driven factors significantly shape students' Senior High School track choices, because the Grade 10 learners tend to align their decisions with perceived job opportunities promoted through media, trends, and online platforms. It can be concluded that schools play an active role in aligning SHS planning and guidance services with current labor market demands, which supports students in making informed track choices. The challenges in aligning SHS tracks with labor market needs have a high impact, since the Grade 10 students face real-life consequences including limited employment opportunities and inadequate career preparation. There is a high degree of need for strategic interventions to align SHS tracks with labor market demands because existing support systems are perceived by students as inadequate in guiding informed and market-relevant track choices.

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Financial and Access Factors such as price, financing, personal economic conditions, public services and social stability and consumer purchase intention in Phnom Penh’s residential real estate market. Methodology: In this study, a quantitative survey method was conducted employing structured questionnaires via Google Forms. The date was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 27, using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and reliability testing (Cronbach’s Alpha). Content validity was assessed via the Content Validity Index after expert review. Main Findings: The study found a significant positive relationship between Financial and Access Factors and purchase intention. Personal economic conditions (M = 4.06) and social stability (M = 4.04) scored highest, while price (r = .39), finance (r = .37), public services (r = .41), and social stability (r = .34) showed moderate correlations. The over-all correlation between financial and access factors and purchase intention was r=.42 (p <.001). Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is the only research that integrates multiple Financial and Access Factors in terms of price, finance, personal economic conditions, public services, and social stability into one model of purchase intention in Phnom Penh real estate market. By focusing on the context of an emerging economy, it contributes to current understanding and provides fresh insights to the relevant stakeholders including policy makers, developers, and consumer behaviour and housing affordability scholars. It also contributes to economic education by illustrating how financial literacy and access awareness shape consumer decision-making and can guide educational and policy initiatives for sustainable social development.

Phnom Penh is experiencing rapid urbanization, which has led to a proliferation of real estate development projects. However, at the same time, problems facing this market include both overproduction and desperate marketing attempts, as well as the continued mismatch between supply and demand in housing for local residents. Empirical evidence for Cambodia’s capital is scarce, although the influences of property features, marketing strategies, and economic conditions on buyer behavior have been addressed in earlier studies published from Southeast Asia. Drawing on responses from 410 Phnom Penh residents with stable monthly incomes who were diverse in terms of age, gender, education, occupation, and marital status. Both English and Khmer versions of a structured questionnaire were used to collect responses, followed by descriptive statistical analysis of the data to identify the factors that play a dominant role in influencing home purchase intentions and decisions among Phnom Penh residents from different backgrounds. Results indicate that property characteristics (M = 4.03, SD = 0.76) and financial and access factors (M = 3.95, SD = 0.74) were rated highest, while buyer perception and marketing influence (M = 3.72, SD = 0.79) also played a significant role. Among these domains, importance was placed on legal ownership paperwork (M = 4.38, SD = 0.74), safety and security (M = 4.30, SD = 0.71), and affordability and financing options (M = 3.87–4.06), which were revealed to be the key decision-making elements. The research aims to provide contextually relevant recommendations for developers, marketers, financial institutions, and policymakers in Cambodia. Its originality lies in being one of the first Phnom Penh–specific, factor-based empirical studies on homebuyer attitudes, and in contributing to the regional literature on urban housing processes in Southeast Asia, while confirming the main hypothesis that microeconomic and perceptual factors play a significant role in shaping real estate behavior among Generation Z homebuyers.

This study was conducted to find the relationship between the extent of teacher’s readiness to use modular approach to teaching in the new normal and learner’s academic achievement in Araling Panlipunan, SY 2020-2021. This study used the survey questionnaire which a researcher made. The respondents of this study will be delimited to the teachers at schools located in District II of Valencia City Division. The data was processed and interpreted using descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test of significant difference, and Pearson r Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The teachers in District II of Valencia City Division were young, females, Teacher were well distributed into different grade levels taught, mostly attended 3 – 4 seminars/webinars on using modules in teaching. In general, the extent of teacher’s readiness to use modular approach to teaching in the new normal in terms of Content and Pedagogy, Availability of resources, System of distribution and retrieval, Curriculum Support, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Trainings Attended were described as High Extent. Majority of the pupils’ grades were in 75 – 79 only fairly satisfactory and have poor grades. There was no significant difference in the extent of teachers’ readiness to use modular approach to teaching in the new normal when they are grouped according to demographic profile. There is a significant relationship between the extent of teacher’s readiness to use modular approach to teaching in the new normal and the academic achievement of the pupils in Araling Panlipunan. The teachers must continue to upgrade themselves by attending seminars/webinars that may improve their technical know-how about the new normal way of teaching. Even if they are already professionals, they must not stop learning and must continue to grow professionally. The teachers must withstand their high extent of teacher’s readiness to use modular approach to teaching in the new normal in terms of Content and Pedagogy, Availability of resources, System of distribution and retrieval, Curriculum Support, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Trainings Attended. It would make them equipped and capacitated to handle classes without face-to-face. The parents and teachers must work together so that the fairly satisfactory academic achievement of the learners can be improved into better achievement such as very satisfactory or perhaps outstanding. This can be done through more effective strategies and close monitoring of the teachers as well as religious assistance and follow-up of the parents at home. AS always quoted, it takes a village to raise a child. The school heads must do their part as instructional leaders. They must give technical assistance to the teachers so that no matter what the teachers’ age is, gender, position, grade level taught, and seminars attended, their high extent of readiness remains the same. The teachers must uphold their extent of the teacher’s readiness to use modular approach to teaching in the new normal because it has a significant relationship to the academic achievement of the pupils in Araling Panlipunan.

Jose Garcia Villa, a National Artist for Literature in the Philippines, is known for his polished poetic style, which combines strict form, artistic beauty, and deep philosophical thought. He is widely respected for his precise use of language, unique punctuation, and belief in creating “art for art’s sake.” One of his notable works, “Be Beautiful, Noble, Like the Antique Ant,” is a meaningful poem that highlights his minimalist style and strong focus on poetic form. In this piece, Villa encourages readers to value small and simple things in life. He uses the image of an ant to represent the qualities of a good and noble person. Although ants are small, they are hardworking, cooperative, and determined. Villa shows that traits such as being helpful, disciplined, and strong are what truly define a person’s character. The poem also reminds us that many people have forgotten how to see the beauty in everyday life. That is why Villa invites us to reflect more deeply and live with greater purpose, even through quiet acts and humble strength.

In today’s life, mobile phone users feel more comfortable and flexible to perform online payment transactions through a mobile device. Online payment transactions do not only save time but are also convenient for the customers. The E-Wallet payment system, one type of online payment platform in the Philippines, is a one-stop solution for cashless payment services. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of satisfaction with the e-wallet payment system of the Baguio Water District. This study employed a descriptive research design to gather customers’ thoughts about BWD’s e-wallet payment system. This study has 100 respondents who were selected using the simple random sampling technique, wherein the questions were answered through a survey questionnaire in the form of Likert scales. The data were analyzed by applying a quantitative method using weighted mean and average weighted mean. The study found that the respondents are very highly aware of the E-Wallet System of Baguio Water District and have high level of satisfaction with its use, with a computed average weighted mean of 4.54 and 4.14, respectively. Meanwhile, the problems being encountered on the E-Wallet system of Baguio Water District have a high level of agreeableness with an average weighted mean of 3.86. The findings of this research can be used as consideration of BWD in evaluating the possible expansion of its payment collection platforms related to cashless transactions.