Balakovo Engineering and Technology Institute

The paper presents the analysis and efficiency of using the cogeneration power plants and alternative energy sources. The documents on the relevance of introducing the energy-efficient measures in the economies of various countries are given. The prospects of using the alternative and renewable fuels considering the effectiveness of their use in various power systems and grids are well substantiated. Such measures contribute, on the one hand, to saving the hydrocarbon fuels extracted from the ground and to extending their use, and, on the other hand, to the development and application of the alternative power grids with the use of the renewable fuels. Firewood can serve as such a fuel. The characteristics of the firewood in the corresponding tables are described. It provides the opportunity for evaluating the efficiency of the woodfired power plant depending on the type of the firewood and the territory of growing the firewood at the development stage. Moreover, the characteristics of the firewood make it possible to estimate its necessary amount and the territory for storing and harvesting. Based on the obtained data, the authors conclude that it is necessary to develop and establish the power plants based on the reciprocating steam engines for various small and medium-sized enterprises. Design proposals for the power plant based on the reciprocating steam engine are briefly present-ed and the economic effect of its use on site is estimated.

The article proposes a unified structural approach to the use of shotcrete technology in construction from the point of view of cluster analysis. It is proposed to consider the shotcrete technology as a cluster with multilevel capabilities. A method of clustering the shotcrete technology has been developed, its main clusters and their parameters have been determined. The clustering algorithm of shotcrete technology is presented.

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Dynamic properties of boiler sections as control objects are studied. The requirements for mathematical models and the main adjustable parameters in drum boilers are determined, on the basis of which the requirements for the designed model are made. The construction of a block diagram and calculation of transfer functions of the automatic control system of the control object. The main types of disturbances are determined: feed water and steam consumption, consumer load, fuel consumption, and feed water temperature. Each perturbation is represented as a control action. Models of the object using perturbation channels are obtained. The article considers the construction of an effective model of the system of automatic control of the drum boiler power supply based on the system’s working out of disturbing influences. The paper uses the Matlab application software and the Simulink graphical programming environment.

The article presents an approach to factor monitoring of health status of the population, based on a system of indicators used in international comparisons and in the labor and energy resources management system. This methodical approach is supplemented by indicators, taking into account specifics of the issue being studied (mortality at working age and incidence of socially-related diseases). Integrated health index of the population is calculated, the degree of its dependence on the constituent components is revealed, an assessment of the effectiveness of social policy instruments for saving labor resources in health care has been carried out when implementing the concept of innovative development of the country and the energy management system.

The article notes that China has become a leading bridge-building power, implementing a program of their 10 steps aimed at maintaining economic growth. In this program, including such steps: the development of transport infrastructure: the expansion of the transport network through the construction of high-speed rail and toll roads, as well as airports, sea and river ports; the construction of a road network serving rural areas and coal mines; development of rural infrastructure: construction of roads and electric networks in rural areas; development of industry: introduction of innovations, industrial restructuring, support for the development of high-tech industries. Further in the article the brief history of development of normative documents in China is resulted. First, China’s norms were guided by the norms of the Soviet Union, but then their norms began to be developed. Now in China there are national standards, professional (core) standards and local standards. Also, the standards are divided into mandatory and recommendatory. China’s system of engineering standards is divided into 24 regions. For example, standards for the design of railways include 33 volumes, of which the national standard is 1 volume. They take into account, as projects of linear structures, and long tunnels, bridges, change of geological conditions.

Atechnique of designing a round wall in design by means of which the nature of the operation of the structures and the combined work of the backfill and the wall, the shift (displacement) of the wall, and the angle of internal friction may be taken into account is proposed. The proposed expressions are recommended for use in designing the retaining walls of embankment and fish protection structures.

In the electric drives of the machine-building industry, the problem of optimizing the drive in terms of mass-size indicators is acute. The article offers analytical methods that ensure the minimization of the mass of a multiphase semiconductor converter. In multiphase electric drives, the form of the phase current at which the best possible use of the "semiconductor converter-electric drive complex" for active materials is different from the sinusoidal form. It is shown that under certain restrictions on the phase current form, it is possible to obtain an analytical solution. In particular, if one assumes the shape of the phase current to be rectangular, the optimal shape of the control actions will depend on the width of the interpolar gap. In the general case, the proposed algorithm can be used to solve the problem under consideration by numerical methods.

Research practice is an integral part of humanities students’ training process. In this regard the training process is to include modern information techniques of the training process of students studying humanities. This paper examines the most popular applied software products used for data processing in social science. For testing purposes we selected the most commonly preferred professional packages: MS Excel, IBM SPSS Statistics, STATISTICA, STADIA. Moreover the article contains testing results of a specialized software Prikladnoy Sotsiolog that is applicable for the preparation stage of the research. The specialised software were tested during one term in groups of students studying humanities.