Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology

A study aimed at understanding how distinct traits of wheat affect harvests by evaluating selected cultivars adapted across diverse farming conditions found in the Lasbela area. A study was conducted at the Agriculture Research experimental fruit substation wayaro during the Rabi season of 2022-23 using a randomized complete blocks design for examining seven different varieties of wheat. Samples of soil were examined regarding their texture type, content of organic material, pH, EC value, as well as availability of P and K elements through an AB-DTPA extraction method. The results demonstrated the soil may be categorized as sandy loam. With a value of 1.32 dS/m, the coefficient of variation revealed a narrow range of electrical conductivity data, and all 100% of field soils were non-saline. The total organic matter content was as low as 0.60%, typical of our soils, and the pH values were categorized as moderately alkaline (8.0-8.2). The available P and K were 3.49 and 7.0 mgkg-1 respectively. The germplasm of wheat advanced lines showed variability under study trail. Advanced wheat varieties displayed significant diversity in their genetic material when examined for various characteristics. The correlation study substantiated an extremely strong statistical relationship, as evidenced by p-values (p<0.01). The interplay between morphological characteristics and those contributing to productivity is examined in this study. Differences in performance across various wheat varieties spanned every characteristic measured. Line MARKAZ demonstrated greater variation in performance compared to other varieties, resulting in superior yields; thus, it is an excellent choice for further genetic improvement efforts. Genotypes G8 exhibited peak physiological development while genotype G14 showed rapid spike emergence at an earlier stage of growth. G13 exhibited superior performance regarding harvest efficiency, grain production volume, flag leaves' size, and time taken for grains to mature compared to G5 notable increase in stem height. Significant positive relationships were noted in relation to grain production, seedling emergence rate during pollination period, efficiency of crop harvesting process, total fruit output per unit area, and overall stem growth; conversely, there was evidence for inverse connections involving maturation stages, initial sprouting events, as well as time taken by grains to mature fully. This research focused on identifying superior varieties through advanced line selection in order to enhance future breeding efforts. Consequently, the LINE MARKAZ 2019 exhibited considerable fluctuation and productivity relative to other variants.

Climate is changing due to greater carbon emissions with observable effects like severe weather events, shifts in precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and warming oceans. Hence power generation expansion planning with high penetration of geothermal energy is proposed in Pakistan for sustainable climate environment. Pakistan is blessed with 100 GW of geothermal capacity and it is exploited using the Low Emissions Analysis platform (LEAP) software for the study period 2024 to 2060 by taking the base year 2023. The results revealed that for the year 2024 geothermal energy will be produced around 33.12 TWh which then increased to 58.07 TWh until 2027, 108.15 TWh units until 2030 to 364.56 TWh units until 2040, 787.91 TWh units until 2050 and 1599.99 TWh units until 2060. Further, the investment cost is forecasted that 1.07 US billion $ until 2024 which then enhanced to 2.13 US billion $ until 2027, 3.41 US billion $ until 2030, 9.83 US billion $ until 2040, 24.42 US billion $ until 2050 and 55.34 US billion $ until 2060. The forecasted capacity of geothermal is capable of reducing 30% carbon emissions until 2030 and further it reduces 50% and 100% carbon emissions until 2030 and 2040. This study provides zero-emission solutions, climate risk management, equity, and justice in the climate action goals worldwide.

This paper seeks to explore and understand how Homegoing (2016) addresses the themes of trauma and memory, more specifically, the manner in which the theme is developed throughout the narrative and impacts the development of identity of the characters across generations. Of interest, the research aims to analyze the methods narrative chosen by Gyasi to discuss the continuity of trauma, as well as memory as the way to define an individual. To analyze the literacy of Homegoing (2016), there was a need to adopt a qualitative analysis of the literary text. Such elements as the topic and its relation to other texts, key motifs and patterns, character transformations were also explored by the means of final reading. This work also incorporated theoretical paradigms retrieved from trauma and memory into the body of the study. Homegoing (2016) can be seen to be a great story that presents the present effects of historical traumas on current social persona. The novel implies that despite the fact that trauma constitutes another facet of subjectivity, memory is the single remedy and resource for the subjects and collective subjects. Keywords: Trauma, Memory, Intergenerational Trauma, Slavery, Colonialism, African-American Identity, Narrative Structure, Yaa Gyasi, Homegoing.

Sustainability is getting preference now-a-days in most of the countries in the world. This implies industrial and other developments for economic growth, and of course civilization, but certainly not at the cost of environmental degradation. Environmental conservation is a must. One of the major components of industrial sectors is their electrical energy inputs through electrical substation. Numerous research addresses the issue of energy pollution, cantering on fossil fuel. A very few research can be found which address the issue of pollution generated from electrical energy. This research addresses this issue, with special attention to electrical substations. In the last two or three decades, several electrical equipment manufacturers have started producing this equipment in Bangladesh, which were previously import-oriented. This equipment use various types of oils, acids, zinc and other metals, which are all environmentally hazardous. Thus, any industrial company, buying such equipment from substation manufacturers, should consider green aspects. As such, now it is of prime importance to select green suppliers of substation equipment. Since selection of right or green supplier involves multi-criteria evaluation, Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique is essential. Additionally, both qualitative and quantitative criteria require fuzzy analysis to make it more precise and realistic. This research addressed the issue of environmental pollution, its sources, nature and severity, and their mitigation through selecting green suppliers.

Tourism is crucial for a country's economic development, especially in emerging economies like that of the BRICS countries. The data for BRICS countries is collected from the World Bank and ICRG for 25 years. The econometric technique NARDL is used in this research to view the short and long-run effects of independent variables on tourism. The Panel NARDL analyses provide a comprehensive examination of the effects of environmental sustainability, sustainable development, and institutional performance on Tourism. They are a helpful tool for analyzing nonlinear interactions. To determine if the BRICS nations have achieved a tipping point in their environmental sustainability the point at which economic growth starts to favorably influence environmental quality and may have an impact on visitor numbers the study employs the increase in GDP as an independent variable. The results of this exhaustive study are crucial for the BRICS officials and stakeholders because they provide light on the connections between tourism, economic growth, sustainability, and institutional performance. Understanding these relationships can help policymakers promote environmental protection and sustainable development in these critical and vibrant businesses while promoting sustainable tourism growth.

This study assessed water quality in Larkana by analyzing various parameters. Samples from domestic and commercial sites were tested for color, odor, turbidity, temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS, hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, iron, alkalinity, and salinity. Results indicated that some samples met WHO and PCRWR standards, while others exceeded safe drinking limits. Tap water in U-1, U-2, and U-3 residential zones was deemed satisfactory, but further research on other pollution sources, including chemicals and microbiological agents, is essential. The study suggests a need for extended investigations, potentially involving human bodily fluids, to comprehensively evaluate water quality in Larkana.

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is a technique used to treat motor symptoms of movement disorders including Parkinson's Disease (PD), a neurogenerative disorder caused by the progressive loss of striatal dopamine in the brain that leads to tremors, rigidity, and postural instability. Despite its therapeutic effects, DBS is still known to cause some non-motor symptoms including breathlessness due to unknown reasons in PD patients. In this paper, the changes in breathing rates were evaluated from peak detection for 20 trials in the time domain for the preliminary data obtained from a rat model after the application of DBS on the STN for frequencies 10Hz and 130Hz with stimulation intensities of 150 µA and 450 µA. Results revealed a significant change in breathing rates for all intensities and corresponding frequencies, confirming that the degree of disruption in breathing rate may depend on the stimulation frequency. The study may further suggest potential neuronal networks that mediate these changes.

The purpose of this experimental work is to examine deposit accumulations on engine heads by employing a single-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine. In this study, the tested fuels selected are DF, DF95UCO5, and DF65UCO20Pn15. Because it has the largest fuel oxygen percentage, the lowest cetane number, DF65UCO20Pn15, has the longest explosion delay and the shortest burning time. Measurements were made of engine heads and compared to emulsion fuels. The same locations also saw the application of scanning electron microscopy for a qualitative investigation. The investigation's conclusions were supported by visual inspection, which showed some deposition on engine heads while using all fuels. The study found that DF95UCO5 formed more carbon deposits on the engine head than DF65UCO20Pn15 and DF when SEM and EDS were used