Bankura University

Constructivist pedagogy represents a learner-centered approach to teaching in which students actively participate in the process of learning and construct knowledge through experience and reflection. In contemporary education, traditional teacher-dominated instructional practices are gradually being replaced by approaches that emphasize learners’ engagement, interaction, and critical thinking abilities. Within this framework, students are encouraged to explore ideas, collaborate with peers, and develop their own understanding of concepts rather than passively receiving information. The theoretical foundations of this approach are strongly influenced by the works of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, who highlighted the significance of cognitive development and social interaction in the learning process. The present study seeks to examine the relevance and effectiveness of constructivist pedagogy in modern classroom teaching. It particularly focuses on how constructivist instructional strategies encourage active learning, foster greater student participation, and support deeper conceptual understanding among learners. To achieve these objectives, the study adopts a descriptive research approach and relies mainly on secondary sources such as academic literature, research studies, and observations of classroom practices. The analysis indicates that constructivist teaching methods help create an interactive and supportive learning environment in which students play an active role in constructing knowledge. Such approaches contribute to the development of higher-order thinking skills, including problem-solving, creativity, and independent reasoning. Therefore, the study concludes that constructivist pedagogy serves as an effective strategy for enhancing the quality and relevance of classroom teaching in contemporary educational contexts.

Transition metal-catalyzed C-H arylation has become an important area of research due to the significant applications of biaryl scaffolds in medicinal and synthetic organic chemistry, including ligand and analytical tool design. Among various transition metal catalysts, copper catalysts have gained considerable attention because of their wide availability and inexpensive and non-toxic nature. Because of these advantages, several copper-catalyzed C-H arylation protocols for aryl and heteroaryl substrates have been developed over the past few years. In these methods, various arylating precursors such as aryl halides, boronic acids, aryldiazonium salts, and diaryliodonium salts have been successfully employed to construct biaryl scaffolds. Some of these methods provide an efficient and straightforward route for constructing complex molecular frameworks, including natural products and pharmaceuticals. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in copper-catalyzed C-H arylation methods, highlighting current trends in the advancement of catalytic systems toward sustainability, various synthetic applications, and detailed mechanistic insights.

Vehicular Mesh Network (VMesh) is progressively becoming an important component of modern wireless communication systems, as well as the progress of vehicle technology. VMesh network creates a dynamic short-lived network when vehicle share data during transmission. This article presented a new routing algorithm named as Proficient Routing Algorithm using Heuristic Functions and Random Forest link prediction (PRA-HF-RF) to resolve the major snags in the VMesh milieu such as failure in packet delivery, delay, network congestion, topology changes and protocol overhead. This article addresses the potential path identification using a fitness function and it uses the random forest model to predict communication connections that are expected to remain consistent over time. This article simulates at the both packet and logical levels shows that PRA-HF-RF is constantly higher than existing routing techniques. The results show that the amalgamation of heuristic rules and machine learning methods pointedly reduces the packet loss, delay and network congestion and offers a reliable solution for the VMesh milieu.

ABSTRACT Nowadays, numerous renewable energy sources (RESs) have been integrated into autonomous microgrids (AμGs) to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable energy. This study presents an approximate model of an AμG comprising solar photovoltaic, wind turbine generator, biodiesel, and biogas turbine generators as primary sources, along with aqua electrolyser, reformer, and fuel cell (FC) as energy storage elements. The proposed AμG operates fully on RESs, aiming for a transition to an emission-free future. Surplus renewable energy is converted to hydrogen via an electrolyser, while excess biogas is reformed into hydrogen and stored for later use. During peak demand, hydrogen is utilised through the FC to generate electricity. For efficient load frequency control, an intelligent fuzzy-driven tilt integral derivative with filter (F-TIDF) controller, optimised using a novel electric eel foraging optimisation algorithm, is proposed. Its performance is validated against five advanced controllers and tested on the IEEE 39-bus system.

Lepidopteran species serve as one of the most important pollinators in ecosystem and this species also coevolved with their nectaring plants. They regarded as one of the good indicators of ecosystem health due to their high sensitivity to the changes in environmental variables. There are numerous butterfly and moth species are found in India whose possible distribution in the geographic areas yet to be known. In our present study we try to find out the predicted distribution area of Variable Tawny Rajah (Charaxes bernardus hierax) in West Bengal by the use MaxEnt 3.4.4 program. It was observed that northern part of West Bengal consists of greater areas that contain suitable environmental conditions (maximum and moderate) than southern part of West Bengal. This type of study may helps to provide an idea about predicted distribution of Charaxes bernardus hierax in West Bengal and selection of conservation strategies for this butterfly species in particular geographical region.

Panchmura village of Bankura is famous for its majestic Terracotta art. The long-necked Terracotta horse and other pottery items are most popular pottery items of this craft village. An extensive field survey is administered to evaluate the quality of soil, water and air of this village. The soil and water sample is collected for testing in laboratory along with the vehicular pollution is measured. The basic problem like soil and pollution due to contamination by fertilizers and other agricultural residuals are prominent in this region. Some suggestive measures like application of bio-fertilizer, green manure, crop rotation, usage of e-vehicle and green technology are made in this article.