Barking and Dagenham College

BackgroundSleep disturbance is a common symptom of depression. There is conflicting evidence whether improvements in sleep might impact depressive symptoms, or whether treating the core depressive symptoms might improve sleep disturbance. This study explored the bi-directional impact of sleep and depressive symptom change among individuals receiving psychological treatment. MethodsSession-by-session change in sleep disturbance and depressive symptom severity scores were explored in patients receiving psychological therapy for depression from Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services in England. Bi-directional change in sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms was modelled using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models with items from the PHQ-9. ResultsThe sample included 17,732 adults that had received three or more treatment sessions. Both depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance scores decreased. Between initial timepoints, higher sleep disturbance was associated with lower depression scores, but after this point positive cross-lagged effects were observed for both the impact of sleep disturbance on later depressive symptoms, and depressive symptoms on later sleep disturbance scores. The magnitude of effects suggested depressive symptoms may have more impact on sleep than the reverse, and this effect was larger in sensitivity analyses. ConclusionsFindings provide evidence that psychological therapy for depression results in improvements in core depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance. There was some evidence that depressive symptoms may have more impact on sleep disturbance scores at the next therapy session, than sleep disturbance does on later depressive symptoms. Targeting the core symptoms of depression initially may optimise outcomes, but further research is needed to elucidate these relationships.

The NHS was set up as an equitable healthcare system, free at the point of delivery and equally accessible. The fundamental principle behind the health service was that high-quality health care should be available to all. However, people living in the poorest areas of England are still dying earlier and spending more of their lives living with disability; the variability in health care and outcomes is especially evident in relation to the outcomes of long-term conditions like diabetes. The prevalence of long-term conditions increases incrementally with increasing levels of deprivation, but the quality of care is seen to deteriorate.1 The 2011 Atlas of Variation shows the marked variation in quality of care provision — for example, the percentage of people with type 2 diabetes receiving all nine processes of care for diabetes ranged from 7% to 71.4%.2 Socioeconomic deprivation …

Two epithets in Sansevieria were not formed in accordance with the ICN requirements. The name Sansevieria itumea is corrected to Sansevieria itumei, and the (proposed) name Sansevieria wanguia is corrected to Sansevieria wanguiae.

Transitioning Towards Urban Resilience and Sustainability (TURAS) project is based on the partnership between decision makers in local authorities with SMEs and academic institutions to develop and demonstrate transition strategies for urban resilience and sustainability. Out of eleven case study sites, three are presented in this brief, including: brownfield redevelopment in London, community mobilisation around underutilisation of urban sites in Dublin, and a web portal for sustainable mobility in Ljubljana.

James Taylor discusses the Investment Club he has set up at his school and why it has been invaluable to his students.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine satisfaction level among food retail employees concerning their pay and to compare pay referent and pay level satisfaction of employees in supermarkets and discount stores in the UK.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was used to gather data from a sample of 246 higher, middle level management and shop floor staff. The study selected ten leading retail organisations, five each from the supermarket and discount sectors. All had strong perceived image and quality, selling both national and own‐brands. All were located in London.FindingsThe study revealed that generally, UK retail employees are not satisfied with their pay. However, supermarket employees recorded higher levels of satisfaction compared with their counterparts in the discount stores.Research limitations/implicationsThe results are limited to the UK food retail sector and, therefore, should not be generalised or be regarded as an indication of the general reaction of the UK workers in this area of study.Practical implicationsThe UK grocery retailers may need to review their general approach to employee reward systems in order to induce pay level satisfaction among their employees.