Batumi State Maritime Academy

The presented scientific work is dedicated to an in-depth analysis of the political figure of Sherif Khimshiashvili and an assessment of his strategic actions in the historical context of the second half of the 19th century. The authors present him as an example of transformational leadership, whose political vision and moral authority became a decisive factor in the peaceful return of Adjara to its historical homeland - Mother Georgia.. Historians explore how Sherif Khimshiashvili, relying on dynastic tradition, inherited responsibility, and a sense of political intuition, was able to guide regional transition without violence. He is portrayed not as a passive feudal lord but as an active intermediary between external empires and the local society. His strategy was rooted in internal legitimacy, negotiation-focused politics, and cultural compatibility, which enabled the peaceful navigation of a potentially conflict-ridden transformation. The paper is based on discourse-contextual analysis, integrating historical sources with contemporary theoretical approaches, including leadership theory, memory politics, and the concept of transitional justice. The authors argue that Sherif Khimshiashvili's actions may be interpreted as a realization of national self-consciousness that transcended the circumstantial role of the ruling class and exemplified moral leadership during the imperial age. Khimshiashvili’s political strategy established a legitimate basis for the integration of Adjara with the Georgian state—a process that remains a relevant lesson for modern Georgia, especially in a time when reconciling regional identities with national unity continues to be a challenge. His legacy, which combines feudal tradition, national vision, and peaceful diplomacy, deserves greater recognition in both Georgia’s collective historical memory and its contemporary political thought.

In the article we discus about The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is expected to drive rapid economic development, with AI replacing labour and new professions emerging in Ajara. Georgia, a country with limited global economic growth trends, should try to identify primary development directions and create business incubator spaces for effective model functioning in the tourism sector, particularly in Adjara. Adjara, a popular tourist destination, can capitalize on this trend by implementing 4IR technologies. AI can provide personalized travel suggestions, automate customer care, and identify scams. Big data analytics can analyse tourist movements, find new market opportunities, and create successful marketing efforts. Bots can provide tourist information and services, and IoT can develop smart tourism destinations with features like real-time traffic information and smart parking. In this term, we think that the collaboration between public and commercial sectors, forward-thinking policies, and significant human resource expenditures are essential for achieving the full potential of 4IR in Adjara's tourism sector. The article aims to evaluate the potential impact of 4IR technologies on the Adjara tourism industry, identify opportunities and challenges, and provide recommendations for sustainable growth.

Modern reality creates a wide variety of communicative situations. Nowadays dialogue still remains one of the most active forms of communication. There is an opportunity for intercultural dialogue, the specificity of which dictates the necessity to find optimal speech-behavioral strategies to ensure mutual understanding. The question’s intention assumes a certain strategy, a kind of target program and has the task to lead the interlocutor to give the information necessary to the addresser. The nature of the response is of great importance for the addresser. The answer is a kind of code, the decryption of which requires some efforts. The degree of understanding of a response can be influenced by the speech-behavioral strategy and tactics of dialogue inherent in a particular culture. Comprehension of the dialogical unities’ behavior in the structure of discourse is of great importance for the translation theory and practice, and presupposes, first of all, comprehension of this phenomenon nature. Considering question-answer structures as one of the particular varieties of dialogic unity and the study of the interaction of erotic(question) and responsive speech acts within a dialogic unity, has shown that the latest have a wide range of pragmatic meanings. Pragmatic meanings of responsive speech acts in our article are analyzed on the basis of empirical material (translation of the stories of J. Joyce and William Tennessee). The cooperative background, which in most cases dictates the translation strategy when interpreting the dialogic question-answer unities, is of great importance for the translation process. We interpret concrete empirical material mainly within the framework of three cooperative tactics: a) sympathy b) non-sympathy c) indifference.

The global landscape of higher education has dramatically changed since 2020 due to the pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19. The pandemic has forced Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in emergency digitalization at all levels, in teaching and assessment. Through online teaching, the discussions about knowledge protection, cheating, plagiarism resulting from the emergency transition of Distance Learning cannot avoid. It is witnessed the effort taken by the academic and administrative staff of HEIs to timely tackle forcedly changed policies, chanced practices, and the reality in the New Normal. Based on the above-mentioned circumstances; educators from different countries including Kazakhstan, Turkey and Georgia, decided to get united and illustrate through the current study the integration of Digitally Assisted Assessment (DAA) with teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) in these countries. Subsequently, the study has considered the necessity to acquire the opinions from various EFL educators and practitioner teachers locally and globally to develop a qualitative survey seeking responses on the ways how the assessment system has changed in the digital classroom. Also, the type of employed digital tools for successful assessment and how these tools have helped teachers to succeed in digitally assisted assessment. At the same time, the paper aims at identifying the advantages and disadvantages of using DAA in EFL classrooms. Finally based on the survey results will attempt to demonstrate best practices of successful literation of DAA and to provide practical recommendations for future improvement.

The article discusses the importance of using underwater artificial reefs, the current situation, and prospects. The use of underwater artificial reefs has different purposes, such as strengthening fishery resources, population growth of living organisms in the sea, hydrobiological reclamation, development of diving tourism, coastal reinforcement function, etc. The use of artificial reefs is discussed within the concept of the “Blue Economy”. Thus, the Black Sea "blue economy" goal is to preserve, protect, and reap the biodiversity of marine resources. The sea has not an unlimited resource and the anthropogenic factors can significantly reduce or increase the economic benefits of the sea. The prudent management of marine resources and the improvement of the ecological condition of the sea are extremely important for sustainable economic development. The work discusses the importance of artificial reefs for the ecosystem, the diversity of underwater flora and fauna, and the prospect of increasing its inhabitants. The study's goal is to study the economic effects of artificial reefs, their impact on the environment, durable and easily portable design layout for the depth of the sea. And, the aim is to run the production, placement of the artificial reefs at the coastal waters of Georgia, and promote the establishment of the initiative.

The paper deals the presence of a natural source of oil, which is sometimes detected in the southeastern part of the Black Sea as part of the monitoring of oil pollution of the Black Sea using the EMSA (European Maritime Safety Agency) satellite service. With the collaboration of EMSA CLEANSEANET System and MRCC (Maritime Rescue Coordination Center) of Maritime Agency of Georgia MRCC is regularly receiving data to region possible spills pollution. The EMSA satellite service offers extensive surveillance of European waters for oil spills by using radar images acquired by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors on polar orbiting satellites. SAR sensors have the capability to detect oil slicks on the sea surface in darkness as well as daylight hours and to see through clouds. The analysis CleanSeaNet Alert Report possible spills, it's safe to say that we are observing a natural expression of oil on the sea surface, which is formed by the migration of oil hydrocarbons in the sedimentary complex of the southeastern part of the Black Sea, seaward of the city of Poti (Georgia). Source identified based on the analysis of multi-temporal radar satellite imagery.

The technical result of the research of presented wind turbine is simplification and rise of the practical application of its main body – the rotor construction, which shall be achieved via transformation of wind shifting movement into rotating movement is implemented by rotor blades, which present bent or inclined shape plates and during rotation, these plates are not influenced with decelerating resistance of surrounding air.The technical novelty of the turbine construction is presented with the following features: each profile blade of the rotor presents concave arc placed eccentrically towards its rotative axis, and the rotor may be equipped with one, two or more wings.

Ballast water provides stability and maneuverability to a ship. Large ships can carry millions of gallons of ballast water. Ballast water discharged by ships can have a negative impact on the marine environment. There are thousands of marine species that may be carried in ships’ ballast water; In order to reduce the risk of new introductions of exotic species, the UN International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship’s Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004. This Convention aims ‘to continue the development of safer and more effective Ballast Water Management options that will result in continued prevention, minimization and ultimate elimination of the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens’. To prevent possible invasions, organisms should not be discharged from ballast tanks. This can be achieved by treating the ballast water, for instance by killing organisms that are travelling in the ballast water.

In May, 2007 in Georgia the new Black Sea Terminal (including the complex of a railway junction, capacities for storage of oil) was opened in the port Kulevi. The creation of the named terminal in Georgia was necessitated by following factors: 1) the necessity of search and the creation of new alternative ways of safe transportation of oil to Europe; 2) a favourable geographical position of Georgia - Asia, the Near East and Europe crossroads; 3) the resence of already existing means of communication between Georgia and oil-producing regions - Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. In choosing the port and terminal location, it was necessary to be guided first of all by maintenance of safety navigation and minimum expenses from the point of view of an economic profit. That is why special attention was paid to searching for a natural reservoir with an exit in the sea. This article deals with the questions of construction of the oil terminal, maintenance of port Kulevi with means of the navigating aids and features of entering and leaving vessels.