Beijing Biocytogen (China)

In frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar systems, the detection of Doppler-extended targets (DETs) is a critical challenge. The micro-Doppler effects induced by the motion of extended targets such as pedestrians cause the echo energy to spread along the Doppler dimension. As a result, a single range-Doppler cell is unlikely to form a pronounced amplitude peak above the background noise level. Consequently, existing constant false alarm rate (CFAR) methods that rely on single-cell amplitude decisions tend to suffer from performance degradation in DET scenarios and exhibit limited adaptability under varying clutter conditions. To solve these issues, we propose a nonlinear transform-based variability index CFAR detector for DET (DET-NTVI-CFAR), with the aim of improving detection probability and maintaining stable false alarm control in complex clutter backgrounds. This work constructs a detection statistic by applying a nonlinear transform to the accumulated power cells and derives the threshold from the corresponding probability distribution model. A variability index CFAR (VI-CFAR) decision strategy is introduced to select the appropriate detection branch under different operating conditions. In the threshold design stage, the false alarm probability expressions of three sub-detection methods are derived to guide the selection of threshold parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves stable false alarm control and improves detection probability in various environments. Field test results also confirm the applicability of the DET-NTVI-CFAR detector.

Abstract This study developed a flexible pulping process as an alternative to conventional pre-hydrolysis for producing dissolving pulp. By implementing an optimized cooking profile, effective hemicellulose removal was achieved while maintaining a high pulp yield. Building on this optimized cooking, an integrated control strategy was established across the entire process chain – cooking, bleaching, and post-treatment – enabling precise regulation of pulp properties. The resulting pulp exhibited performance comparable to international benchmark products, with an overall enhanced process yield. The product demonstrated superior purity (higher R 10 and R 18 ), alongside a marginally lower whiteness and acceptably elevated metal ion content compared to an international benchmark sample. Furthermore, this pulp was successfully spun into cellulose fibers that meet the premium-grade standards for Lyocell, thereby validating the feasibility of the proposed pre-hydrolysis-free route for manufacturing Lyocell-grade pulp.

With the rapid development of big data, interactions in the network environment are increasing and the environment is becoming more complex. Cross-domain authentication plays a key role in secure data sharing. However, the cross-domain authentication scheme under the traditional centralized structure has problems such as over-reliance on trusted third parties, privacy leakage and low certificate efficiency. As an emerging technology, the decentralized feature of blockchain can avoid the drawbacks of traditional centralized trust mechanisms and effectively solve the cross-domain authentication problem. In this paper, we propose a cross-domain authentication and key agreement protocol based on blockchain technology. The root CA based on blockchain is used to establish a trusted consortium blockchain to ensure the authenticity and legitimacy of the root certificate. Then the identity authentication is realized through on-chain information and off-chain signature verification and uses biometrics identification to ensure the correctness of node identity. The protocol achieves identity authentication based on biometrics and signature and key agreement while ensuring security.

Endometrial cancer, the most common gynecological malignancy with an annual increase of 1%-3%, lacks suitable noninvasive diagnostic tools, as current methods like hysteroscopy and biopsy are invasive and impractical for routine screening. We conducted a comprehensive, multilayered marker discovery workflow integrating whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and targeted methylation panels in tumor and control tissues, then prioritized and optimized candidates for detection in cervical exfoliated cells. Using a two-stage design, we built and tested a quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) model in ThinPrep Cytology Test (TCT) samples, with 148 samples for discovery/model construction and an independent cohort of 80 TCT samples for validation. We identified a three-gene methylation panel-ZNF626, GRIA4, and SPDYA-that demonstrated high accuracy for early endometrial cancer detection from cervical cytology. In the validation cohort, the model showed strong performance across menopausal subgroups: in premenopausal women, sensitivity was 90.91% and specificity for benign endometrial disease was 92.59%; in postmenopausal women, sensitivity and specificity were 96.55% and 84.62%, respectively. Notably, the approach achieved a 92.86% detection rate for stage I endometrial cancer. These results support a robust, noninvasive diagnostic strategy that leverages simple cervical cytology sampling to enable early detection, facilitate clinical decision-making, and potentially improve outcomes for patients at risk of endometrial cancer.

BackgroundMass-forming (MF) type is the most common, accounting for 57.1–83.6% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), with a poor prognosis. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) can induce necrosis of tumor cells, induce the release of tumor antigens, enhance the immune response of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, and regulate the proliferation of Treg cells. However, real-world data directly comparing TACE combined with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) versus programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in MF-ICC are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety between the different immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) in MF-ICC, and to explore prognosis-related clinical factors and preliminary immune mechanisms underlying this combined therapy.MethodsA total of 50 patients with MF-ICC who underwent TACE combined with ICIs at Beijing Friendship Hospital and Beijing Ditan Hospital from May 2020 to December 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen the risk factors of overall survival (OS). Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Univariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between treatment regimen and survival. In parallel, we analyzed dynamic changes in immune cells before and after ICI treatment using the single-cell RNA sequencing dataset GSE208205 and further validated these findings by flow cytometry.ResultsThe median overall survival (mOS) and median progression-free survival (mPFS) for TACE-PD-L1 followed by therapy were 18 and 13 months, which were significantly longer than those with TACE-PD-1 sequential therapy (mOS: 12 months, HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.17–1.03, P=0.047; mPFS: 8 months, HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12–0.73, P=0.006). In exploratory multivariable analysis, pre-treatment monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), Child-Pugh classification, total bilirubin (TBIL), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) emerged as potential prognosis-related factors for OS. Single-cell analysis showed that CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were markedly increased after treatment, while circulating tumor cells and vascular endothelial cells were decreased. This was further validated by the flow cytometry. Moreover, regardless of treatment status, ICC patients in the PD-L1 groups exhibited higher levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared to the PD-1 group, whereas B cells were lower in the PD-L1 group than in the PD-1 group.ConclusionsTACE combined with PD-L1 inhibitors was associated with longer survival than TACE combined with PD-1 inhibitors in patients with mass-forming ICC. The immune system, particularly lymphocytes, plays a critical role in the efficacy of combination therapy. In addition, several baseline inflammation- and liver function-related factors (MLR, Child-Pugh class, TBIL, ALT) were associated with OS in exploratory analyses.