Beijing Drainage Group (China)

Intelligent IoT networks create massive, diversified data streams that need real-time and massive analytical processing. Traditional cloud-centric architectures feature latency, bandwidth congestion, and limited flexibility for batch and stream data. The AI-HyECC framework for Adaptive Batch–Stream Data Analytics (ABSDA) in intelligent IoT tackles these limits. IoT sensing, edge intelligence, AI-orchestrated adaptive middleware, and cloud cognitive analytics comprise the four-layer AI-HyECC architecture. The Neural Stream Optimizer (NSO) performs real-time edge-level inference, while the reinforcement learning-powered Adaptive Task Orchestration Engine (ATOE) dynamically distributes tasks between edge and cloud based on data type, latency, and network AI-HyECC decreases latency by 38%, resource usage by 32%, and inference speed by 40% compared to cloud-only systems in experimental validation. For many IoT applications, the framework may deliver scalable, context-aware, energy-efficient analytics. Intelligent, adaptable, and resilient AI-HyECC blends batch and stream processing for next-generation IoT ecosystems.

Determining the key causative odorants and their origins is crucial for addressing the prevalent odor issues in reservoir water sources, while the relation between odorants present in water and sediments to the whole odor formation in shallow reservoirs (with half of the reservoir area being shallower than 5 m) has been rarely assessed. This study aimed to assess the odor characteristics of the water and sediments in the QY Reservoir, a critical water source in a southern city of China. Key odorants were identified, and their potential sources were evaluated using a 100 odorant fingerprint database, algal cell counting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results revealed that musty/earthy and fishy/septic odors were the main concerns. 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) was the primary contributor to the musty/earthy odor in water samples and was detected at relatively higher average concentrations in water samples at near-shore sites, including S1, S3, S5, S6, and S11. The presence of 2-MIB in sediments was mainly attributed to the deposition of odor-producing algae, including Planktothrix and Pseudanabaena. Additionally, thioethers were found to be the primary contributors to septic odors, which are typically found at higher concentrations in sediments than in water. Sedimentary transformation of sulfur-containing substances was an important source of thioethers in the reservoir. This study provides valuable data and insights for future odor management in shallow water reservoirs affected by complex odor issues.

Salinity shock severely impairs the partial denitrification/anammox (PD/A) process, leading to prolonged functional deterioration and slow reactivation of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (anammox). To develop an effective strategy for mitigating salinity-induced inhibition, this study systematically examined the role of exogenous hydroxylamine (NH2OH) in accelerating PD/A recovery using short-term batch assays and long-term reactor operation. Hydroxylamine exhibited a clear concentration-dependent effect on system reactivation. In batch tests, low-dose hydroxylamine (10 mg/L) markedly enhanced anammox activity, increasing the ammonium oxidation rate to 5.5 mg N/(g VSS·h), representing a 42.5% increase, indicating its potential to stimulate key nitrogen-transforming pathways following salinity stress. During continuous operation, hydroxylamine at 5 mg/L proved optimal for restoring reactor performance, achieving stable nitrogen removal with 87% NH4+-N removal efficiency. The nitrite transformation ratio (NTR) reached approximately 80% within 13 cycles, 46 cycles ahead of the control, while simultaneously promoting the enrichment of key functional microbial taxa, including Thauera and Candidatus Brocadia. Hydroxylamine addition also triggered the production of tyrosine- and tryptophan-like proteins within extracellular polymeric substances, which enhanced protective and metabolic functionality during recovery. In contrast, a higher hydroxylamine dosage (10 mg/L) resulted in persistent NO2−-N accumulation, substantial suppression of Candidatus Brocadia (declining from 0.67% to 0.09%), and impaired system stability, highlighting a dose-sensitive threshold between stimulation and inhibition. Overall, this study demonstrates that controlled low-level hydroxylamine supplementation can effectively reactivate salinity-inhibited PD/A systems by enhancing nitrogen conversion, reshaping functional microbial communities, and reinforcing stress-response mechanisms. These findings provide mechanistic insight and practical guidance for improving the resilience and engineering application of PD/A processes treating saline wastewater.

ABSTRACT A sunset industry is an industry in decline, one that has passed its peak or boom periods. The irrigation industry shows, on a small scale, to be in decline, but most of the irrigation schemes in the industry seem to be doing well. Typically, the irrigation schemes that have adequate drainage, either natural or artificial are not in a sunset phase. A drainage system market research report of 2024, which considered business opportunities, growth and trends of crucial drainage market segments based on product type (channel/trench drains, French drain systems, catch basins, dry well drainage systems, drain emitters, etc.), shows substantial growth of the drainage industry worldwide. Investigation of both irrigation and drainage, including schemes, materials, products, companies, professional organisations (ASABE, ASCE and ICID), journal publications (recent: 2020–2024) and books (1999 and 2020), resulted in a plethora of materials and information that overall show that neither the irrigation nor the drainage industry is in a sunset phase or is likely to be in the future.