Beijing Municipal Health Bureau

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous respiratory disorder whose diagnosis and differentiation from asthma remain challenging. The aim of this review was to present current biomarkers used in the diagnosis of COPD and to highlight promising directions for future research. A literature analysis covering the years 2020–2025 included biomarkers assessed in blood, urine, sputum, as well as genetic and molecular markers. The findings indicate that peripheral blood eosinophil counts and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are useful in predicting the risk of exacerbations and response to therapy. Serum proteomic and metabolomic analyses, together with urinary biomarkers, enable non-invasive patient phenotyping and early detection of exacerbations. Genetic and transcriptomic studies have identified key genes and inflammatory pathways relevant to disease pathogenesis, while the composition of the airway microbiome correlates with symptom severity and lung function. Integration of molecular, immunological, and microbiological data allows for precise patient phenotyping, supports personalized therapeutic strategies, and improves clinical outcomes. Biomarkers are becoming an important source of information in the differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma–COPD overlap (ACO), as well as in targeted treatment approaches.

Thermal runaway from chemical reactions is the result of competition between heat generation and heat dissipation in industrial chemical vessels. However, the worldwide used TD24 (the temperature at which time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions equals 24 h) focuses solely on heat generation for abnormal conditions of cooling failure, which account for only an insignificant portion of thermal runaway incidents. In contrast, the temperature of no return (TNR), defined by the balance of heat generation and heat dissipation, provides a more relevant threshold for process upsets in industrial chemical vessels. As the operating temperature approaches the TNR, minor thermal disturbances can precipitate thermal runaway. To estimate this threshold, calorimetry is coupled with reactor-scale energy-balance modeling. Kinetic parameters are determined using accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC), with corroborating measurements from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), vent sizing package (VSP) calorimetry, and micro reaction calorimetry (μRC). In this work, the downside of TD24 for runaway hazard assessment is first analyzed. Guided by the Semenov diagram, a heat-balance model for stirred-tank reactors (STRs) is established, and based on ARC tests on a 20 wt % solution of di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) in toluene under adiabatic conditions, a heat-generation-rate expression and a coolant heat-dissipation-rate expression are derived. A computational procedure is then proposed to determine TNR. Relative to adiabatic TD24, TNR supports optimization of reactor-cooling design, enhancing alarms and interventions under abnormal conditions, and quantitative assessment of reaction hazards.

With the application of electronic detonators, delayed blasting is considered a very effective method to improve rock fragmentation, and this technique is widely used in practical engineering. Therefore, it is necessary to study the rock-breaking mechanism of double-hole delayed blasting. In this paper, based on the finite difference method, the influence of double-hole delayed blasting on the reservoir permeability was quantitatively analyzed by adopting the adjacent hole spacing, delay time, and decoupling coefficient (K) as variables and the permeability increment as an evaluation index. Based on the parameters studied in this paper, it was found that the effect of the delay time on the reservoir permeability depends on the hole spacing. When the hole spacing is less than 20ra (ra is the borehole radius), a reasonable delay time could significantly increase the reservoir permeability, but when the hole spacing is greater than 20ra, the delay time does not affect reservoir permeability enhancement. The decoupling coefficient could control the attenuation speed of shock wave energy. For K = 2, energy attenuation occurred the slowest, and the reservoir permeability increase effect was the best. Based on site-scale numerical simulations, the mechanism of stress superposition between boreholes was revealed, and the position of stress superposition was controlled by adjusting the delay time to break hard reservoir rock so that the cracks between two holes were connected, i.e., accurate reservoir reconstruction was achieved. This work provides a certain guiding basis for actual engineering applications.

Xujiang School of acupuncture and moxibustion has a long history with distinctive academic characteristics and regional influence. Xujiang School, originated from Xi Hong in Song Dynasty, is the oldest acupuncture and moxibustion school recorded in Chinese history. Later, it was passed down from family to family for more than ten generations. The tenth generation Xi Xinqing passed it on to Chen Honggang and gradually evolved into a school of acupuncture and moxibustion with regional characteristics and a certain national influence. In terms of academic characteristics, doctors in Xujiang School kept innovating based on the Classics.Its acupuncture and moxibustion academic ideas including reinforcement and reduction , point selection and searching for the primary cause of disease in treatment have had an important impact on contemporary acupuncture in clinic.

High resting heart rate (RHR), one abnormal manifestation of autonomic nervous system, is associated with metabolic disorders. However, the association between RHR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components remains controversial. We aimed to explore the link between these two parameters. The study included 6589 Dong adults (1434 cases of MetS) from the cross-sectional survey of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. Logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assess the association between RHR and MetS, clustered metabolic risk, and MetS components. Restricted cubic splines model was used to evaluate the dose response association. A positive association existed between RHR and MetS, and people in the highest RHR quartile had a higher MetS risk (OR 1.75 [95% CI 1.42-2.15]) than those in the lowest quartile. The clustered metabolic risk associated with RHR (p<0.05). Furthermore, RHR was related to elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated triglycerides (TG) and elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG); the ORs (95% CIs) for the highest versus lowest RHR quartile were 2.06 (1.75-2.43), 1.37 (1.17-1.62) and 2.53 (2.04-3.14), respectively. Similar results were found in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Also, non-linear dose response association existed between RHR and MetS and elevated levels of BP, TG and FPG (p<0.001). RHR was related to increased risk of MetS, three MetS components (elevated BP, elevated TG and elevated FPG) and the clustered metabolic risk. RHR may be a useful indicator for MetS.

The central air conditioning ventilation system plays an important role in the air circulation of buildings such as centralized isolation medical observation points and general public buildings. In order to meet the requirements of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, Beijing Preventive Medicine Association organized Beijing CDC and other professional institutes to write up the group standard entitled "Technical specification for health risk investigation of central air conditioning ventilation system during the COVID-19 epidemic (T/BPMA 0006-2020)" . According to the particularity of central air conditioning ventilation system risk control during the outbreak of similar respiratory infectious diseases, based on current laws and regulations and the principle of scientific, practical, consistency and normative, 8 key points of risk investigations were summarized, which were the location of fresh air outlet, air conditioning mode, air return mode, air system, air distribution, fresh air volume, exhaust and air conditioner components. The contents, process, method, data analysis and conclusion of the investigation implementation were also defined and unified. It could standardize and guide institutions such as disease control and health supervision to carry out relevant risk managements, and provided solutions and technical supports for such major public health emergencies in city operations.

Purpose: To explore the prevention and control strategies and effects of COVID-19 in Shenmu City Hospital, so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Shenmu City.&#x0D; Methods: Retrospective analysis and review of our hospital after the outbreak of COVID-19 prevention and control program, response measures and management procedures and other aspects of the deployment.&#x0D; Results: In the 86 days up to April 15, 2020, there were 7,843 pre-diagnosis and triage patients, among which 707 were high-risk group, 3,140 were general population and 3,996 were key population. 992 patients were treated in COVID-19 clinics, 2 suspected cases were reported and 89 were kept under observation. 5, 351 visits in general fever clinics; 89 cases were hospitalized in isolation ward, including 2 suspected cases. COVID-19 was discharged after improvement.&#x0D; Conclusion: Initial progress has been made in epidemic prevention and control. COVID-19 has not been reported in the whole city. It shows that effective prevention and control strategies are of great significance for achieving the goal of "three zeros" (zero infection, zero spread and zero death), and are worth learning and promoting.