Belarusian Russian University

This article presents a description of a software complex for intelligent decision support in managing welding work organization and implementing a technology to improve the efficiency of these processes using the developed software complex. The complex integrates modules for welders’ training, task assignment, quality control, and automatic detection of welding seam defects. The core element of intelligent decision support is implementing adaptive swarm intelligence algorithms (bee colony, ant colony, firefly algorithms) for personalized training trajectories and staff qualification improvement, as well as evolutionary modelling for rational distribution of welding assignments among workers. Integration of defect data detected by convolutional neuro-fuzzy networks ensures a closedloop feedback cycle, increasing the objectivity of work quality assessments and the validity of managerial decisions. Applying the technology for improving the efficiency of managing welding work organization using the developed software complex comprises six consecutive stages, starting from defect identification and ending with task redistribution adjustments after training. The developed approach improves the quality of welds, reduces labour intensity, and shortens execution timelines.

The paper investigates the strength of welded joints with fillet welds based on the laws of mechanics of materials. It is shown that the conditional calculation used does not meet the conditions of static equilibrium, since the value of the fillet weld leg is overestimated, which significantly increases the material consumption of the welded joint. A calculation is proposed that takes into account the combined effects of normal and tangential stresses.

Introduction. Construction companies around the world are striving to implement tools for the comprehensive optimization of their business processes, while adopting the principles of “lean production”, the development of which is reflected in “lean construction” technologies. Within the framework of such tools, issues of both organizational and technological nature are considered, aimed at reducing or localizing losses, improving coordination between subjects of the construction process, achieved in a digital environment. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes scientific papers on the topic of lean construction by Russian and foreign scientists reflected in the bibliographic catalog of scientific publications reflected in OpenAlex and ResearchGate, uses data from a historical case of the construction of the fourth power unit of the Kalinin NPP, and analyzes individual public documents of the authorities of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. In the course of completing the tasks, the following scientific research methods were used: historical analysis; synthesis; generalization and formalization, which made it possible to form a set of tools and determine approaches to the implementation of lean construction technologies. Results. Resolving contradictions and optimizing processes in the subject area of the study is built taking into account the available lean construction technologies, which should be integrated into the current activities of the organization, subject to their availability and economic feasibility. “Integrated Project Management” (IPD), “Job Order Contacting” (JOC), hybrid models integrating the above models; and the prospects for their development are defined. Conclusions. The implementation of lean construction technologies and related tools in Russia has not yet become a mass practice, despite significant scientific and practical interest in this topic among large construction organizations, divisions and infrastructure companies. The obtained research results allow us to formulate a comprehensive approach to managing losses and creating value within the framework of the project approach.

The increase in area and population growth of cities poses an acute problem of creating a favorable urban environment. In this context, the issue of an ecological approach in urban development activities in general and, in particular, the problem of creating a sustainable natural and ecological framework for the city and adjacent green areas from preserved natural objects and artificially landscaped areas is becoming more relevant. To ensure its sustainability, the system being formed must organically incorporate natural and artificially created green areas, taking into account the existing landscape features of the area. The characteristics of the landscape of the territory under consideration have a decisive influence on the viability of the formed natural and ecological framework of the city. For this reason, the identification of natural features of the area at the pre-project analysis stage largely determines the success of urban planning. In order to find reserves for the development of the natural framework of the territory, based on historical information available on the network, territorial planning documents, field surveys, and information obtained from satellite remote sensing of the earth, a review of the existing green and natural areas of the city and their connectivity was conducted. Elements of the network of gullies and ravines, which are significant in terms of the area they occupy as well as their role in the recreational activities of citizens and capable of becoming part of the emerging natural and ecological framework of the urban area, have been identified.

Crystallization of austenitic carbide eutectic of chromium cast iron is a nanostructural process in which iron, graphite and chromium nanocrystals play a major role. Austenite dendritic microcrystals are not solid solutions of carbon and chromium atoms in the γ-Fe crystal lattice. During the crystallization of chromium cast iron, oxygen and hydrogen atoms in their melts are demodifying elements that reduce the dispersion of microcrystals of eutectic austenite and carbide. Molecular hydrogen released on dendritic microcrystals of eutectic austenite and carbide prevents the branching of dendrites. This leads to demodification of the austenitic-carbide eutectic structure of chromium cast irons. Modifying elements of chromium cast iron reduce the concentrations of oxygen and hydrogen atoms in their melts. This increases the dispersion and branching of dendritic microcrystals of eutectic austenite and carbide during solidification of chromium cast iron. Nonmetallic inclusions of modifying elements (Mg, Ca, Ce, La) of chromium cast irons cannot be centers of crystallization of microcrystals of eutectic austenite and carbide. These crystallization centers are nanostructured formations of austenite and carbide.

The maintenance of a high level of education in universities can be a challenging task due to low academic performance. Despite the significant amount of collected diagnostic data, education managers underutilize machine learning methods to improve the accuracy of predicting academic performance. Authors apply a multi-method approach for data analysis using simple logistic and linear regressions, k-means clustering, that all together gave a synergetic effect. The proposed approach differs from known analogs in that, firstly, the dimensionality of the feature space increases due to the normalization of scores onto a single scale and the creation of new features: the index and rank of students, as well as the changes in performance across various activities for each student. Secondly, students at academic risk are forecasted, and the statistical significance of the features included in the model is evaluated. Thirdly, for each student, the final score for the semester is forecasted using an linear regressive model of academic performance. Fourthly, groups of students with similar learning trajectories are identified for customization of consultations. The authors managed to achieve a high predictive ability of models based on historical training data: binary prediction of exam passing in 90% of cases, prediction of individual assessment in 70% of cases.

Objective: to compare the readings of the residual magnetization of the outer ring of the bearing with its different orientation with respect to the magnetizing field on the example of the UMDP-01 installation. To show in practice the inefficiency of using the technology of demagnetization of the outer rings of the bearings of axle boxes when they are located in a horizontal plane. Methods: comparison of the obtained values of the residual magnetization by direct measurements during demagnetization of the outer rings in the horizontal and vertical planes with respect to the magnetic field. In practice, the same conditions for magnetization and demagnetization of the same outer ring were observed by passing a pulsed current through the solenoid and the contact rod in the magnetization mode and gradually reducing the alternating current in the solenoid for the demagnetization mode. Results: the experiment showed that the values of the residual magnetization of the outer ring during the full cycle of its demagnetization in the horizontal plane on the UMDP-01 installation are higher than when it is demagnetized in the vertical plane. The vertical placement of the ring in the center of the solenoid allowed it to be demagnetized from the first time in position A with an incomplete demagnetization cycle. Practical significance: the article shows that the technology of demagnetization of bearing rings in the horizontal plane, as required by the operating manual 9402.00.000 RE, often leads to a violation of the requirements of regulatory documents in terms of permissible values of residual magnetization. Demagnetization of the outer rings in the vertical plane will lead to full satisfaction of the requirements of regulatory documents, increase the productivity of magnetic powder control in general by reducing the demagnetization cycle and simplifying technological transitions associated with the complexity of installing the object of control in the horizontal plane.

The article presents kinematic diagrams and computer analysis of three types of eccentric transmission schemes.
 The graphical dependences of the kinematic error of the eccentric transmission are presented for the coaxial and
 parallel arrangement of the input and output shafts in two single-flow loading schemes. Computer analysis of an
 eccentric transmission with single-flow loading schemes showed that the kinematic error with the coaxial arrangement
 of the input and output shafts is 30 times lower than with the parallel arrangement of these shafts. In order to reduce
 the kinematic error of an eccentric transmission with a parallel arrangement of input and output shafts, a two-flow
 loading scheme was proposed. It has been established that the use of a double-flow loading scheme makes it possible
 to reduce the kinematic error by 12 times compared to a single-flow loading scheme with a load on the output shaft
 of 10 N∙m.
 It is planned to use the design of an eccentric transmission with a parallel arrangement of input and output
 shafts with several power flows when designing various types of gearboxes for cultivators.

Statement of the problem. To solve the problem of shortage of land resources in the territory of modern cities, a promising direction is the redevelopment of derelict manufacturing plants, including the reuse of unexploited industrial buildings for cultural and commercial purposes. The main task of the Changchun Vanke Blue Mountain project (Jilin Province, China) presented in this article was to maximize the preservation of cultural heritage and the unique atmosphere of the industrial zone while creating an entertainment park. Results. The article describes the technical solutions that made it possible to implement this concept as part of the buildings’ reconstruction of the gear wheel manufacturer and the stamping shop with the technical office. Not only the preservation of ruins was implemented, but also the maximum possible rehabilitation of buildings using original building materials, along with the addition of new annexes built in a modern style. The features of the main street design with an emphasis on the architectural components of reconstructed buildings are provided. Conclusions. The implementation of the Changchun Vanke Blue Mountain project made it possible to popularize the history of the former plant, to show its crucial role in the formation of the city. At the same time, it was possible to create original architectural solutions using modern methods of architectural reconstruction of industrial facilities.

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 84, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248400001