Belmont Hospital

The genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda led to the death of over one million Tutsi (Republic of Rwanda, 2007). This caused a severe mental health burden that still reverberates to this day. While significant efforts have been made to promote healing at the individual and community levels, through individual clinical interventions and community-based sociotherapy, the family level has received less attention. Recent evidence of intergenerational transmission of trauma, from direct survivors and perpetrators of the genocide to their offspring, suggests a need to complement existing interventions with family-based approaches (Berckmoes et al., 2017). Against this backdrop, multifamily healing spaces (MFHSs) were developed as a contextually customised intervention to strengthen family resilience, improve dyadic relations between spouses, enhance parenting practices, reduce intergenerational enmeshment, and foster tolerance and trust among families with members with different historical backgrounds. This study aims to describe the process of developing MFHS and provide a detailed description of the principles, phases, and processes of change of the intervention. This multi-format intervention encompasses sessions involving a whole intergenerational group comprising at least four families, along with separate sessions for individual families, parents only, and youth only. By promoting multi-systemic resilience at the individual, family, and community level, MFHS offers a promising pathway for healing, reconciliation, and sustainable peacebuilding in post-conflict societies.

AimTo compare out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) characteristics and outcomes between people aged ≥ 65 years who arrested in a residential aged care facility (RACF) versus a private residence in Perth, Australia. MethodsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study of OHCA cases attended by emergency medical services (EMS) in Perth, January 2018-December 2021. OHCA patient and event characteristics and survival outcomes were compared via univariate analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between residency type and (i) return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at emergency department (ED) and (ii) 30-day survival. ResultsA total of 435 OHCA occurred in RACFs versus 3,395 in private residences. RACF patients were significantly older (median age: 86 [IQR 79, 91] vs 78 [71, 85] years; p < 0.001), more commonly female (50.1% vs 36.8%; p < 0.001), bystander-witnessed arrests (34.9% vs 21.5%; p < 0.001), received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (42.1% vs 28.6%; p < 0.001), had less shockable first monitored rhythms (4.0% vs 8.1%; p = 0.002) and more frequently had a “do not resuscitate” order identified (46.0% vs 13.6%; <0.001). Among those with EMS-attempted resuscitation or with defibrillation before EMS arrival, ROSC at ED and 30-day survival were significantly lower in the RACF group (6.2% vs 18.9%; p < 0.001 and 1.9% vs 7.7%; p < 0.001). The adjusted odds of ROSC at ED (aOR: 0.22 [95%CI: 0.10, 0.46]) and 30-day survival (aOR: 0.20 [95%CI 0.05, 0.92]) were significantly lower for RACF residents. ConclusionRACF residency was an independent predictor of lower survival from OHCA, highlighting the importance of end-of-life planning for RACF residents.

Youth participation in climate change negotiations has increased over the last decade; however, youth voices are still underrepresented. The diversity of youth activists in the Americas and the sheer number of youth-led organizations belies any stereotypes about disinterested youth. Youth care about both the present and the future of our planet; are organizing; and have many voices. Yet, there are currently weak institutional mechanisms to integrate these voices into climate negotiations beyond showcasing experiences. Youth must be included in collaborative and transdisciplinary ways. We recommend opportunities that have had success in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), which help youth to engage in discussions with policymakers to inform climate negotiations. These recommendations include the following: 1) institutionalizing formal national and regional youth councils and committees to strengthen collaboration between young people and decision-makers; 2) creating and expanding training programs for youth on climate negotiations; 3) using science diplomacy as a key tool to enhance science-based, relevant, and collaborative efforts for youth engagement; and 4) developing strategies to navigate the diversity of expertise, scientific knowledge, and inclusion of youth to address equitable climate solutions.

髪色は人の印象に影響を与える要因の1つと考えられているが，実際は髪色とともにツヤや透明感などさまざまな要素が複合的に知覚され人の印象に影響を及ぼしている。しかし，髪色とツヤがどのように調和して知覚されるのか，髪における透明感はどのように知覚されているのかいまだ明らかになっていない。本研究では，髪色とツヤが印象に与える効果および，髪における「透明感」の知覚要因について22語の評定語を用いた実験を行い，2要因分散分析，パス解析，重回帰分析を用いて分析した。その結果，髪色に関わらずツヤが高いほど評定値が上昇する評定語や，中程度のツヤの度合いが評定値を最も高くする評定語が示された。またパス解析により示されたモデル図では，髪色にツヤが似合うかどうかに影響する因子が髪色ごとに異なることが明らかとなった。さらに重回帰分析により髪における「透明感」の知覚を半分以上説明することができた。ツヤとヘアカラーとの結びつきを明確にしたことで，より効果的にカラーデザインの表現の幅を広げ，製品開発へ応用できると期待される。

Abstract Results from a field trial commissioned for the Australian Department of Defence at the Army Aviation Centre Oakey evaluated the effectiveness of the Surface‐Active Foam Fractionation (SAFF) process at removing per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in groundwater. The study showed that the SAFF process is effective in removing ≥99.5% of the aggregate of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in PFAS‐contaminated groundwater, and consistently achieved the criteria for these PFAS species prescribed in the Australian PFAS National Environmental Management Plan (HEPA, 2020) water quality specification, and exceeded such by a factor of 3.3 over the 12‐month study period. The field trial also demonstrated the sustainability attributes of SAFF since it requires no chemical reagents nor adsorbent media, other than air introduced to the foam fractionation vessels. However, when an anionic exchange (AIX) resin “polisher” was installed downstream of SAFF, all trace detectable PFAS species were removed. In addition, by reducing the PFAS loading, the SAFF process extends the AIX resin lifespan. The field trial demonstrated that the removal (i.e., separation and concentration) extent of PFAS species due to SAFF is closely correlated with the adsorption coefficient of the molecules at the gas–liquid interface. When the reported adsorption coefficient is greater than approximately 1.0 × 10−6 m, practically all of the PFAS species, including PFOS, PFHxS, and PFOA, were removed by SAFF. Longer‐chain PFAS species that benefit from higher adsorption coefficients are easier to remove than shorter‐chain species that exhibit lower adsorption coefficient values. It is noted that the presence of dissolved electrolytes arising from the site groundwater being classified as hard is believed to enhance the adsorption coefficients, and so SAFF is likely to become still more effective in brackish, saline, and reverse osmosis reject waters.

BackgroundAnaphylaxis events are increasing worldwide, based on studies of single administrative datasets including hospital admissions, emergency room presentations, and prescription and medical claims data. Linking multiple administrative datasets may provide better epidemiological estimates, by capturing a greater number of anaphylaxis events occurring at the individual level. In this linked data study in Western Australia, we combined 4 population-based datasets to identify anaphylaxis events, factors influencing occurrence, and change in event rates from 2002 to 2013. MethodsFour linked administrative datasets from the Western Australian Data Linkage System were used, representing ambulance attendances, emergency department presentations, hospital inpatient admissions and death registrations. An anaphylaxis cohort was identified using ICD-9-CM, ICD-10-AM and additional anaphylaxis diagnosis codes, with event rates calculated. We explored the impact of age, gender, cause, Indigenous status and socioeconomic index on event rates. Standard Poisson regression models were used to examine the significance of the change in anaphylaxis event rates over time. ResultsA total 12,637 individuals (mean age 31.8 years, 49.6% female) experienced 15,462 anaphylaxis events between 2002 and 2013 (97.5% in non-Indigenous patients and 59.5% residing in the area of greatest socioeconomic advantage). Anaphylaxis event rates increased from 15.4 to 82.5/105 population between 2002 and 2013. The greatest increase in anaphylaxis events was seen in those coded as unspecified anaphylaxis (all ages, males and females combined, p < 0.001), with the highest rates of unspecified anaphylaxis in males 0–4 years (171.9/105 population in 2013), and females 15–19 years (104.0/105 in 2013). The average annual percent increase (95% CI) for food-related anaphylaxis was 9.2% (6.6–12.0); for medication-related anaphylaxis was 5.8% (4.5–7.1); and for unspecified anaphylaxis was 10.4% (9.8–11.0); all p < 0.001. There was a significant increase in ambulance attendance, emergency presentations and inpatient admissions for anaphylaxis between 2002 and 2013, with emergency presentations (56.0/105 population), inpatient admissions (43.2/105), and ambulance attendance (21.6/105) highest in 2013. Only 25 anaphylaxis-related deaths were recorded in the mortality register with no significant change in rates over time. ConclusionUsing multiple linked administrative datasets, we identified significantly higher rates of total anaphylaxis than previously reported, with more than 5-fold increases in anaphylaxis events between 2002 and 2013. While the combination of 4 population-level datasets provides a more comprehensive capture of cases, even at the individual dataset level, admission rates for anaphylaxis in Western Australia are substantially higher than those previously reported for similar time periods, both in Australia and worldwide.

BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence (UI) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are commonly experienced by adult patients in hospitals (inpatients). Although peak bodies recommend that health services have systems for optimal UI and LUTS care, they are often not delivered. For example, results from the 2017 Australian National Stroke Audit Acute Services indicated that of the one-third of acute stroke inpatients with UI, only 18% received a management plan. In the 2018 Australian National Stroke Audit Rehabilitation Services, half of the 41% of patients with UI received a management plan. There is little reporting of effective inpatient interventions to systematically deliver optimal UI/LUTS care. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine whether our UI/LUTS practice-change package is feasible and effective for delivering optimal UI/LUTS care in an inpatient setting. The package includes our intervention that has been synthesized from the best-available evidence on UI/LUTS care and a theoretically informed implementation strategy targeting identified barriers and enablers. The package is targeted at clinicians working in the participating wards. METHODS This is a pragmatic, real-world, before- and after-implementation study conducted at 12 hospitals (15 wards: 7/15, 47% metropolitan, 8/15, 53% regional) in Australia. Data will be collected at 3 time points: before implementation (T&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;), immediately after the 6-month implementation period (T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;), and again after a 6-month maintenance period (T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). We will undertake medical record audits to determine any change in the proportion of inpatients receiving optimal UI/LUTS care, including assessment, diagnosis, and management plans. Potential economic implications (cost and consequences) for hospitals implementing our intervention will be determined. RESULTS This study was approved by the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (HNEHREC Reference No. 18/10/17/4.02). Preimplementation data collection (T&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;) was completed in March 2020. As of November 2020, 87% (13/15) wards have completed implementation and are undertaking postimplementation data collection (T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;). CONCLUSIONS Our practice-change package is designed to reduce the current inpatient UI/LUTS evidence-based practice gap, such as those identified through national stroke audits. This study has been designed to provide clinicians, managers, and policy makers with the evidence needed to assess the potential benefit of further wide-scale implementation of our practice-change package. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/22902

The purpose of this paper is to explore current data management training needs and practices for Belmont Forum member agencies and researchers to inform a Toolkit. Fourteen Belmont Forum affiliated individuals were interviewed following a predetermined set of questions to create data curation profiles of their funded work. The data curation profile questionnaire includes questions related to data management, storage, stakeholders, costs, training, and credentials. The interview findings highlight gaps in existing knowledge of data management theory and practice that could impact data re-use. Results of these interviews were used to populate a Toolkit of data management training and effective practice resources specifically developed to train Belmont Forum grant awardees. The results also highlight some attitudes and behaviours of current scientists, researchers, and agency representatives, and the impact of the implementation of data management plans on the open science movement.

We live in a world of social change. Within that world, Christian teachers are used to thinking of all people as made in the Image of God. That assumption has often meant practising a deep respect for all people. This respect has similarly extended to how Christians understand relationships in the classroom. Yet there are competing narratives about the design and purpose of life within our Western world. Part of this competition of ideas is caught up in implications that come from how we view human beings as persons. This article proposes that one of these new Australian alternatives to Christian ways of viewing life is creating an unstated but real caste system amongst so-called different kinds of persons.

The purpose of this document is to help the projects funded through joint Calls for transnational research projects to update and develop their DMPs. It has been developed by BiodivERsA and the Belmont Forum part of their joint programme ‘BiodivScen’,but can also be useful beyond this specific context.