Bergslagssjukhuset

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Abstract Demands of more rapid and accurate answers for the steel plant made it necessary to develop a computerized system for calculation and control of the analysis performed on X‐ray fluorescence and optical emission spectrometers. The interelement effects which occur in X‐ray fluorescence analysis are briefly described and the evolution of a model for these corrections is examined. This model includes corrections for absorption and secondary fluorescence as well as overlapping, dead time effects, etc. which are based on simplified theoretical formulae and can be used for a broad field of applications. The parameters in the model have been determined empirically by measuring a wide range of binary alloys. The interelement effects in optical emission analysis are calculated according to a simple emprical formula. The mathematical models have been fitted to a computer (Datasystem Trask P100) which also controls the two separate spectrometers. Examples are given of routine analysis performed by this model on bulk solids of steels and fused glassy borates of sinters, slags and hard metals. Its chief advantage is that the usual requirement for a great number of standards is eliminated.

Cellulose samples of bleached sulfite and sulfate pulps have been treated in columns with 0.1N radioactive hydrobromic acid and subsequently washed with water. The experiments show that after washing with small amounts of water (about 50 ml./g. sample) the radioactivity of the effluent is very low corresponding to a hydrobromic acid concentration of less than 0.0002 μeq./ml. Radioactivity measurements made directly on the cellulose specimen after washing verified that insufficient acid is present in the fibers to affect the titration estimation of the carboxyl groups.

This paper discusses the metallurgy of the Kaldo process as normally applied to high-phosphorous hot-metal operations at Domnarvet. In addition, experience in the treatment of other types of hot metal is discussed in some detail with much new information brought to light on this aspect of the process.