Beytepe Asker Hastanesi

Objective: Gabapentin reduces neuronal excitability, oxidative stress, release and/or synthesis of inflammatory mediators. The purpose of our study is to explore the emerging biochemical and pathological effects of gabapentin in a rat model of head injury. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were randomly assigned into four distinct groups, each consisting of eight subjects: a sham group, a control group, a dexamethasone-treated group, and a gabapentin-treated group. In brain samples, assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities were evaluated. Results: Pathological examinations indicated that the cortical injury resulting from trauma was reduced in the group treated with gabapentin. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) led to a substantial increase in MDA levels within the tissue. Conversely, when examining the tissue SOD and GPx activities, a significant reduction was observed. The assessment of SOD and GPx activities illustrated that both the dexamethasone and gabapentin groups exhibited significantly elevated levels in contrast to the control group. Conclusion: These findings strongly suggest that gabapentin is effective in a head injury model.

ABSTRACT This study explores how Turkish school principals engage in sensemaking and sensegiving during education reform implementation. Based on semi-structured interview data from 15 principals, findings show that they interpret reforms by gathering information, building frameworks, and adapting to local contexts. They foster collaboration, construct professional identities, and use counterfactual thinking. In their sensegiving role, principals communicate reforms through storytelling, persuasion, and participatory leadership. While some apply top-down methods, successful reform hinges on emotional support and feedback. The study underscores the importance of professional development and flexible policies that empower principals as mediators between national mandates and school realities.

Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of computed tomography imaging tests ordered for trauma patients in the emergency medicine service and to identify pathologies in the imaging. Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on trauma patients who applied to our hospital's Emergency Medicine Department between 01 January 2023 and 01 October 2023 and underwent diagnostic computed tomography imaging (CT). Results: A total of 4193 CT scans were analysed in 3641 patients. Falls were the most common etiological cause (n=3451, 82.3%). Pathology was detected in 25.87% of CT orders. The most frequently used CT type was cranial CT (n=1687, 40.22%). The highest rate of pathology was found in scapula CT (75%), while the lowest rate was observed in cervical spine CT (13%). The most common pathology was detected in cranial CT (n=457). The highest rate of pathology was found in scapula CT (75%), while the lowest rate was observed in cervical spine CT (13%). Conclusion: The accessibility of relevant specialists to emergency physicians reduces the number of unnecessary CT imaging orders. In the emergency department, physicians should adhere to internationally accepted guidelines when ordering advanced imaging studies.

Aim: The present study attempted to retrospectively depict hand hygiene beliefs and practices and five indications-oriented hand hygiene observation results among physicians and nurses employed in the internal, surgical, emergency, and intensive care units of a district state hospital. Methods: While the target population consists of healthcare professionals deployed in the internal, surgical, emergency, and intensive care units of a district hospital (n = 426), we carried out this study with 122 nurses and 53 physicians (n = 175). We collected the data using a demographic information form, the Hand Hygiene Beliefs Scale (HHBS), and Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory (HHPI). Results: The findings revealed the participants’ mean scores to be 93.05±13.08 on the HHBS (61.86±9.01 on the hand hygiene importance subscale and 27.18±5.31 on the hand hygiene beliefs subscale) and 68.04±5.01 on the HHPI. We also considered a total of 1,228 notes from hand hygiene observations. While 78.25% of these observations were found to comply with hand hygiene standards, 59.55% (n = 159) of 267 observations regarding non-compliance with hygiene rules were realized to be linked with improper gloves use. Conclusion: Overall, the participating healthcare professionals adopted firmer hand hygiene beliefs and practices, which may be thanks to the achievement of relevant in-service training and the effective planning of the infection control committee. Yet, most of the hygiene non-compliance could be attributed to improper gloves use.

Monodisperse porous ceria microspheres as a support with individual catalytic activity, facile post-functionalization and high surface area for heterogeneous catalysis.

Purpose To determine the effects of selenium, melatonin, and selenium + melatonin administered for one month on anterior chamber (AC) malondialdehyde (MDA) and AC glutathione (GSH) levels in patients with ocular ischemic syndrome. Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients were included in the study. Study groups were formed as follows: (1) control group, (2) ischemia group, (3) selenium + ischemia group, (4) melatonin + ischemia group, and (5) selenium + melatonin + ischemia group. AC samples were obtained. MDA and GSH levels in AC samples were evaluated. Results MDA levels were significantly increased in ischemia groups. Selenium and melatonin supplementation resulted in reduction of MDA levels and significant increase in GSH values. Discussion Increased lipid peroxidation associated with ischemia of the anterior segment has been prevented by selenium and melatonin supplementation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04005222.

Dermoid cysts (DCs) are uncommon masses of the head and neck region, and they account for only 7% of all such cysts. They usually arise in the orbit, the floor of the mouth, and nasal regions, and they are rarely seen in the parotid gland. This study reports a case of a 21-year-old man, presented with a parotid mass on left side, with the pathology consistent with ‘DC’. The discussion includes the clinical presentation, imaging findings, gross pathology, histologic features, and differential diagnosis of parotid DCs.

Risk assessment of central nervous system (CNS) infection patients is of key importance in predicting likely pathogens. However, data are lacking on the epidemiology globally. We performed a multicenter study to understand the burden of community-acquired CNS (CA-CNS) infections between 2012 and 2014. A total of 2583 patients with CA-CNS infections were included from 37 referral centers in 20 countries. Of these, 477 (18.5%) patients survived with sequelae and 227 (8.8%) died, and 1879 (72.7%) patients were discharged with complete cure. The most frequent infecting pathogens in this study were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=206, 8%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n=152, 5.9%). Varicella zoster virus and Listeria were other common pathogens in the elderly. Although staphylococci and Listeria resulted in frequent infections in immunocompromised patients, cryptococci were leading pathogens in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. Among the patients with any proven etiology, 96 (8.9%) patients presented with clinical features of a chronic CNS disease. Neurosyphilis, neurobrucellosis, neuroborreliosis, and CNS tuberculosis had a predilection to present chronic courses. Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, M. tuberculosis, and S. pneumoniae were the most fatal forms, while sequelae were significantly higher for herpes simplex virus type 1 (p<0.05 for all). Tackling the high burden of CNS infections globally can only be achieved with effective pneumococcal immunization and strategies to eliminate tuberculosis, and more must be done to improve diagnostic capacity.

Self-regulation is an individual’s influence, orientation, and control over his/her own behaviors. The primary aim of this study was to develop and validate a self-report scale on self-regulation that encompasses both cognitive and motivational factors. The validity and reliability studies of the scale were examined on responses of 872 university students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the hypothesized model of self-regulated skills in learning. The scale has 67 items and the factor loadings range from 0.47 to 0.91. The Cronbach’s Alpha was computed 0.91 for the whole scale. Discussions and suggestions parallel to findings are given in the end.