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Molecular characterization using protein profiling is a crucial technique for understanding genetic variability among plant accessions. The present study investigates the genetic diversity among five Pisum sativum accessions using protein banding patterns, similarity indices, and statistical analyses. SDS-PAGE was employed to assess the presence or absence of protein bands with different molecular weights. The protein bands were analyzed based on their molecular weights (kDa), and the presence or absence of specific bands was recorded across different accessions. The similarity index was calculated to assess the genetic relationships among the accessions. Our findings provide valuable insights into the genetic diversity of Pisum sativum accessions, which may aid in breeding programs and disease resistance studies. A paired t-test and Pearson correlation matrix were used to analyze statistical significance and genetic relationships. The results indicate both conserved and polymorphic protein bands, highlighting genetic variation among the accessions. The paired t-test showed no statistically significant differences between accessions, while the Pearson correlation analysis suggested varying levels of genetic similarity. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at improving disease resistance and adaptability in Pisum sativum.

Abstract Until recently, all the almond varieties grown globally, have been self-incompatible, a fact that drives the interdependent relationship between almond growers and the beekeepers that provide honey bee colonies for pollination. Recently, almond growers have begun a transition to self-fertile varieties, such as Independence, which do not require genetically distinct pollen to produce kernels. However, this transition often occurs under the impression that due to self-compatibility, one can eliminate the honey bee rentals for pollination and thereby reduce costs for these orchards, but the impact that eliminating rented colonies would have on almond quality and yield are not fully understood. Here, we explore the extent to which yields for Independence variety vary with and without honey bee pollination and across a range of hive stocking densities in the San Joaquin Valley of California. We found that access to honey bee pollination significantly improves nut set and whole tree yields, ultimately resulting in economically meaningful gains to growers. Our economic model shows how specific honey bee hive stocking density recommendations depend on the surrounding landscape and will change as acreage of self-fertile varieties continues to increase over time.

ABSTRACT Background: Early life stress is a key predisposing factor for depression and anxiety disorders. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) are frequently used as the first line of pharmacology treatment for depression but have several negative qualities, i.e. a delay or absence of effectiveness and negative side-effects. Therefore, there is a growing need for new nutraceutical-based strategies to blunt the effects of adverse-life events. Objectives: This study aimed to use the maternal separation model in rats to test the efficacy of fish oil dietary supplementation, on its own and in conjunction with the SSRI anti-depressant fluoxetine, as a treatment for depressive and anxiety-like symptoms associated with early life stress. Methods: Behavioural tests (open field test, elevated plus maze test and forced swim test) and biochemical markers (corticosterone, BDNF, brain fatty acids and short chain fatty acids) were used to analyse the effects of the dietary treatments. Gut microbial communities and relating metabolites (SCFA) were analysed to investigate possible changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Results: Maternally separated rats showed depressive-like behaviours in the forced swim and open field tests. These behaviours were prevented significantly by fluoxetine administration and in part by fish oil supplementation. Associated biochemical changes reported include altered brain fatty acids, significantly lower plasma corticosterone levels (AUC) and reduced brain stem serotonin turnover, compared to untreated, maternally separated (MS) rats. Untreated MS animals had significantly lower ratios of SCFA producers such as Caldicoprobacteraceae, Streptococcaceae, Rothia, Lachnospiraceae_NC2004_group, and Ruminococcus_2, along with significantly reduced levels of total SCFA compared to non-separated animals. Compared to untreated MS animals, animals fed fish oil had significantly higher Bacteroidetes and Prevotellaceae and reduced levels of butyrate, while fluoxetine treatment resulted in significantly higher levels of Neochlamydia, Lachnoclostridium, Acetitomaculum and Stenotrophomonas and, acetate and propionate. Conclusion: Despite the limitations in extrapolating from animal behavioural data and the notable differences in pharmacokinetics between rodents and humans, the results of this study provide a further advancement into the understanding of some of the complex systems within which nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals effect the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Increasing evidence suggests that the core clock proteins of the circadian system play important roles in prevention, development, and/or progression of various pathologies, such as obesity, diabetes and sleep disorders. In this study, we investigated if the natural compound, CLOCK ® (mixture of rosemary and hemerocallis fulva extract) regulates the key protein expression related circadian rhythms in rat C6 glioma cells, using immunefluorescence and Western blotting analysis. The CLOCK complex incubation significantly enhanced Clock (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput), Bmal1 (brain and muscle Arnt‐like protein 1), Sirt (Sirtuin 1), F‐box and leucine‐rich repeat protein 21 (Fbxl21) and Fbxl3 expression in a dose‐dependent manner, compared to the control cells. CLOCK also stimulates the protein levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors. Oxidative stress can induce the dysregulated circadian rhythms. We also tested if CLOCK attenuates the damage of these core proteins expression in oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) treated L6 muscle cells. OGD treatment significantly reduced 2‐NBDG uptake as measured by fluorescent microcopy and down‐regulated Clock, Bmal1 and Sirt1 protein levels in L6 muscle cells. CLOCK complex attenuated the damages‐induced by OGD on glucose uptake and the expression of these core proteins. These results indicate that the natural compound, CLOCK® may be beneficial on improving the dysfunction of circadian rhythms and likely circadian related diseases.Support or Funding InformationIn‐ingredients.com Funding

January 01 2011 From the Outside In: A Place for Indigenous Graphic Traditions in Contemporary South African Graphic Design Piers Carey Piers Carey Piers Carey was educated in Toronto, Canada and Dublin, Ireland. He studied Sculpture and Printmaking in the UK. Employment included freelance graphic design and illustration, documentary flm-making, and art school technician. His experience in the printing industry led to work in Zimbabwe with a group of ex-guerillas and then to South Africa. He is currently Head of the Department of Visual Communication Design at the Durban University of Technology; lecturing in the Graphic Design program in History of Graphic Design, and supervising Master's students. Research interests: African Graphic Systems, typography, and widening participation in Graphic Design education. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Piers Carey Piers Carey was educated in Toronto, Canada and Dublin, Ireland. He studied Sculpture and Printmaking in the UK. Employment included freelance graphic design and illustration, documentary flm-making, and art school technician. His experience in the printing industry led to work in Zimbabwe with a group of ex-guerillas and then to South Africa. He is currently Head of the Department of Visual Communication Design at the Durban University of Technology; lecturing in the Graphic Design program in History of Graphic Design, and supervising Master's students. Research interests: African Graphic Systems, typography, and widening participation in Graphic Design education. Online Issn: 1531-4790 Print Issn: 0747-9360 © 2010 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2010 Design Issues (2011) 27 (1): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00056 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Piers Carey; From the Outside In: A Place for Indigenous Graphic Traditions in Contemporary South African Graphic Design. Design Issues 2011; 27 (1): 55–62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00056 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsDesign Issues Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2010 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2010 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.