Bionor (Denmark)

We present a list of Xylocopa Latreille species that occur in Maranho State, a region where several physiognomic formations characteristic of the Amazon, Cerrado, and Caatinga biomes overlap. The information was compiled through numerous surveys conducted in this territory, in addition to direct consultation in scientific collections, which have many unpublished records. Twelve species belonging to three subgenera were documented: Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) amazonica Enderlein, 1913, X. (N.) aurulenta (Fabricius, 1804), X. (N.) cearensis Ducke, 1910, X. (N.) frontalis (Olivier, 1789), X. (N.) grisescens Lepeletier, 1841, X. (N.) hirsutissima Maidl, 1912, X. (N.) nigrocincta Smith, 1854, X. (N.) transitoria Prez, 1901, X. (Schonnherria) macrops Lepeletier, 1841, X. (S.) muscaria (Fabricius, 1775), X. (S.) subcyanea Prez, 1901 and X. (Stenoxylocopa) sp. Of these, two species are reported as first records for Maranho (X. hirsutissima and X. subcyanea), one for Brazil (X. transitoria), and one for science (X. (Stenoxylocopa) sp.not yet published).

Objective: To carry out a review of studies published between 2016 and 2021 focusing on the treatment of Leishmaniasis with the drugs Artesunate and Chloroquine. Methods: This is an integrative literature review that was produced using the following steps: identification of the theme, formulation of the guiding question, definition of descriptors and selection of databases, establishment of exclusion and inclusion criteria of the studies, sampling of the literature and pre-selection of articles (reading of abstracts and titles); reading of the selected studies and, finally, interpretation of the results. Results: 134 studies were found for the drug Artesunate, 2 of which were included in this research and show the effectiveness of treatment with Artesunate in in vitro experiments against the species Leishmania amazonensis, L. tropica, L. infantum and L. donovani, as well as in in vivo assays against L. amazonensis. For the drug Chloroquine, 11 articles were found, 3 of which were included in the present study. Of these, two studies evaluated the action of this drug in human trials through intralesional and oral administration, and one evaluated its activity in vitro and in vivo against L. amazonensis. Final considerations: This article highlights studies that present Artesunate and Chloroquine as promising drugs for the treatment of Leishmaniasis. The low number of studies suggests the need for further investigations with in vivo tests and new forms of treatment (topical use) for the lesions.

O índice de vegetação gerado através de imagens de satélites é um dos dados mais utilizados no monitoramento dos parâmetros estruturais da vegetação dos diferentes ecossistemas existente no Brasil. Neste trabalho foi realizada a caracterização do NDVI através das imagens Pléiades com resolução espacial de 2 metros com quatros bandas espectrais, em duas áreas florestais correspondente ao município de Moju-PA cuja localização é 3º03`14,85409” de latitude sul e 48º59`36,15357" longitude oeste e outra na cidade de Belém-PA localizada a 1°26’30” S de latitude e 48°27’0” W de longitude. O processamento das imagens se deu através do software Global Mapper. O máximo valor do NDVI referente à vegetação mais densa alcançou 0,654 enquanto o valor médio foi de 0,500 para área florestal manejada localizada em Moju-PA. No outro fragmento florestal localizado dentro da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, o valor máximo do NDVI apontou um valor de 0,849 de refletância, sendo que o valor médio alcançou aproximadamente 0,790. O perfil da curva da vegetação gerada através das imagens Pléiades apontou um comportamento positivo para os dois fragmentos florestais, sendo no intervalo de (0,401 a 0,654) para floresta manejada de Moju-Pa e de (0,736 a 0,849) para a floresta secundária de Belém-PA. Diante dos resultados observados, pode-se concluir que o NDVI, derivado das imagens do satélite Pléiades podem ser usados de maneira confiável na análise e determinação do NDVI.

The objective of this study was to determine the ability of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to induce ovulation and expression of PGE2 receptor (EP2 and EP4) and COX genes (COX-1 and COX-2) in the ovary and pituitary of prepubertal mice. The positive control consisted of the application of 5 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, n = 29); the negative control applied 0.5 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, n=31); the treatment tested the application of 250 μg of PGE2 (n = 29), making a total of 89 prepubertal mice (BALB/c). Mice were euthanized 14 to 15 h after treatments to detect ovulation and tissue collection. A Chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of animals ovulating. Gene expressions and number of ovulation were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test was used to compare means among groups. A greater proportion of mice (P < 0.001) ovulated after receiving GnRH (89.7%, 26/29) compared to PGE2 group (58.6%, 17/29). However, the proportion was higher compared to those treated with PBS (0%, 0/31). Ep2 gene expression in the pituitary was > two-fold higher (P < 0.05) in the PGE2 group compared to the PBS and GnRH groups. Further, PGE2 stimulated Cox1 (2.7 fold, P < 0.05) while GnRH stimulated Cox2 expression (6.5 fold, P < 0.05) in the pituitary when compared to the PBS group. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that PGE2 can induce ovulation in prepubertal mice with a concomitant increase in Ep2 and Cox1 gene expression in the pituitary gland.

Este estudo, pautado nos pressupostos da Etnobiologia, teve como objetivo dialogar no espaco de um quintal quilombola com o conhecimento etnobotânico e as praticas tradicionais sobre a mandioca para uso alimentar em Vila Bela da Santissima Trindade, Mato Grosso. A abordagem qualitativa, a partir de tecnicas como a observacao participante e a entrevista semiestruturada, permitiu conhecer o uso e o manejo de quatro variedades cultivadas de mandioca com fins alimentar e a producao de farinha. A pratica tradicional do feitio da farinha de mandioca e uma atividade que traduz o conhecimento etnobotânico, desde os saberes para o cultivo da mandioca, suas variedades, selecao e manejo. Este conhecimento etnobotânico e a expressao da cultura, reporta a memorias e contam historias de familia e do povo das entrevistadas. E o saber-fazer resultante da pratica cotidiana, em uma rede complexa de saberes e conhecimentos que constituem uma oportunidade de conservacao ambiental, seguranca alimentar e economia local.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the competitiveness of two cultivars of upland rice drought-tolerant, cultured in coexistence with weed S. verticillata, under conditions of absence and presence of water stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Experimental Station of the Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Gurupi-TO Campus. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 x 4 with four replications. The treatments consisted of two rice cultivars under two water conditions and four densities. At 57 days after emergence, were evaluated in rice cultivars and weed S. verticillata leaf area, dry weight of roots and shoots and total concentration and depth of roots. Was also evaluated in rice cultivars, plant height and number of tillers. Water stress caused a reduction in leaf area, the concentration of roots and vegetative components of dry matter (APDM, and MSR MST) of rice cultivars and Jatoba Catetão and weed S. verticillata. The competition established by the presence of the weed provided reduction of all vegetative components (MSPA, and MSR MST) of cultivars and Jatoba Catetão. It also decreased the number of tillers, the concentration of roots and leaf area. At the highest level of weed competition with rice cultivars, a greater decrease in vegetative components and leaf area of culture, regardless of water conditions.

Therapeutic immunization in chronic HIV infection aims to induce durable, HIV-specific immune responses capable of controlling disease progression, but immunological correlates of clinical efficacy are poorly defined. We have previously immunized 38 patients with a mixture of four short Gag p24-like conserved peptides (Vacc-4x) targeting skin dendritic cells. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) was initially stopped after completed immunizations and resumed post-protocol during regular clinical follow-up according to current guidelines. Four years after enrolment, Vacc-4x-specific cellular responses were evaluated in vivo by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test, and in vitro by a T-cell proliferation assay. Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimates were used to analyse time until ART was resumed. Peptide-specific cellular immune responses induced by Vacc-4x had persisted 4 years after the last immunization in terms of unchanged DTH independent of ART and detectable proliferative T-cell responses which correlated to the native peptides (R = 0.73, p = 0.01). Circulating bifunctional (IFN-γ and IL-10) Vacc-4x-specific T-cell clones were detected in 43% of patients. Subjects with the strongest post-immunization DTH responses appeared to start ART later compared with DTH low responders (p = 0.07). These data suggest that DTH responses should be further evaluated as a new and convenient tool for predicting clinical efficacy in trials testing therapeutic immunizations.